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Background Postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication of surgical procedures; however, the use of drain tip cultures to diagnose SSIs in patients is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of drain tip cultures for the prediction of postoperative SSIs in patients recovering from hip arthroplasty. Methods The data was compiled from 1,204 patients over a 15-year period. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of drain tip culture in determining surgical site infection. We also used this data to evaluate whether preexisting conditions such as hypertension or diabetes affected the probability of a patient getting an SSI. Results Drain tip cultures were positive in 12 of 1,112 cases of primary hip arthroplasty, but only one of these 12 patients were ultimately diagnosed with an SSI (sensitivity, 12.5%; specificity, 99.0%; p = 0.0834). Results from postoperative drain tip cultures performed in patients undergoing revision arthroplasty included two false positives and three false negatives; interestingly, no true positives were detected in any of the revision arthroplasty cases we evaluated (sensitivity, 0%; specificity, 97.8༅; p = 0.9355). Conclusions Our results indicate that drain tip cultures have no statistically significant predictive value for the diagnosis of post-operative SSIs and thus should not be used as a primary diagnostic or predictive tool for SSIs. We recommend that other diagnostic tools for the postoperative diagnosis of SSIs be explored. Standardized guidelines should therefore be established to improve the predictive value of alternative methods. |
