Solar driven production of toxic halogenated and nitroaromatic compounds in natural seawater
| Autor: | Ezio Pelizzetti, Paola Calza, Cristina Massolino, Claudio Minero |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Pollutant
Chlorophenol Environmental Engineering Chemistry Luminescent bacteria Environmental engineering Artificial seawater Pollution Aliivibrio fischeri chemistry.chemical_compound Phenols Environmental chemistry Luminescent Measurements Sunlight Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Phenol Seawater Waste Management and Disposal Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. 398(1-3) |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| Popis: | Natural seawater (NSW) sampled in March and June 2007 in the Gulf of Trieste, Italy, has been spiked with phenol and irradiated in a device simulating solar light spectrum and intensity. Opposite to the case of artificial seawater, for which phenol is slightly degraded by direct photolysis, in NSW the phenol degradation mediated by natural photosensitizers occurs, forming several secondary pollutants, including hydroxyderivatives (1,4-benzoquinone, resorcinol), three chlorophenol isomers, 2,3-dichlorophenol, 2- and 4-bromophenol, 2- and 4-nitrophenol, and several condensed products (2 and 4-phenoxyphenol, 2,2'-, 4,4'- and 2,4-bisphenol). These compounds are toxic to bacteria and other living organisms. Ecotoxicologic effect has been evaluated by using the Vibrio Fischeri luminescent bacteria assay. This technique uses marine organisms, and it is therefore well suited for the study on marine samples. A correlation exists between the intermediates evolution and the toxicity profile, as the largest toxicity is observed when compounds with the lower EC50 (halophenols, phenoxyphenols) are formed at higher concentration. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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