Sleep-active neuron specification and sleep induction require FLP-11 neuropeptides to systemically induce sleep
| Autor: | Henrik Bringmann, Judith Besseling, Sabine König, Jan-Philipp Spies, Michal Turek |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Sleep induction QH301-705.5 Science LIM-Homeodomain Proteins Neuropeptide General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences Internal medicine medicine Animals GABAergic Neurons sleep Biology (General) Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins Transcription factor General Immunology and Microbiology biology behavior General Neuroscience neuropeptides General Medicine C. elegans biology.organism_classification Sleep in non-human animals 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology medicine.anatomical_structure nervous system GABAergic Medicine Neuron Thiolester Hydrolases Sleep onset Neuroscience Research Article Transcription Factors |
| Zdroj: | eLife, Vol 5 (2016) eLife |
| Popis: | Sleep is an essential behavioral state. It is induced by conserved sleep-active neurons that express GABA. However, little is known about how sleep neuron function is determined and how sleep neurons change physiology and behavior systemically. Here, we investigated sleep in Caenorhabditis elegans, which is induced by the single sleep-active neuron RIS. We found that the transcription factor LIM-6, which specifies GABAergic function, in parallel determines sleep neuron function through the expression of APTF-1, which specifies the expression of FLP-11 neuropeptides. Surprisingly FLP-11, and not GABA, is the major component that determines the sleep-promoting function of RIS. FLP-11 is constantly expressed in RIS. At sleep onset RIS depolarizes and releases FLP-11 to induce a systemic sleep state. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12499.001 eLife digest Sleep keeps us healthy and happy, and is essential for all animals. Specialized neurons in the brain become highly active to generate this restful state. There are relatively few of these “sleep-active” neurons in the brain, but they are able to control sleep in the entire animal. Like most other neurons, sleep-active neurons release substances called neurotransmitters. The sleep-active neurons in many different species release a neurotransmitter called GABA, although they also contain other neurotransmitters called neuropeptides that were thought to be less important for triggering sleep. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has become an important model system for studying the molecular biology of sleep as it contains only one sleep-active neuron. Turek et al. have now studied this C. elegans neuron and have discovered transcription factors – proteins that control gene expression – that are required for the sleep-active neuron to induce sleep. Further investigation revealed that the transcription factors specify the production of a neuropeptide called FLP-11. The sleep-active neuron always contains FLP-11, but only releases it as sleep begins. Once released, FLP-11 moves onto target cells to induce sleep in the entire organism. Thus, FLP-11 – and not GABA – is the major sleep-inducing neurotransmitter in C. elegans. To induce a sleep state throughout an entire organism, the activities of many different cells must be controlled. A future challenge will be to figure out how FLP-11 does this. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12499.002 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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