Micronutrient Supplementation and Fortification Interventions on Health and Development Outcomes among Children Under-Five in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
| Autor: | Fahad Rind, Jai K Das, Emily C Keats, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Emily Tam |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male efficacy Psychological intervention Review vitamin A 0302 clinical medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Micronutrients Growth Disorders education.field_of_study under-five Nutrition and Dietetics Anemia Iron-Deficiency zinc Iron Deficiencies Micronutrient Child Preschool Food Fortified Income Female Underweight medicine.symptom Stunted growth lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Iron Population fortification effectiveness Context (language use) lcsh:TX341-641 Malnutrition in children Child Nutrition Disorders 03 medical and health sciences Folic Acid Thinness Environmental health medicine Humans micronutrient education Developing Countries 030109 nutrition & dietetics business.industry medicine.disease Trace Elements Malnutrition Dietary Supplements business lipid-based nutrient supplement Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Nutrients Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 289 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| Popis: | Micronutrient deficiencies continue to be widespread among children under-five in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite the fact that several effective strategies now exist to prevent them. This kind of malnutrition can have several immediate and long-term consequences, including stunted growth, a higher risk of acquiring infections, and poor development outcomes, all of which may lead to a child not achieving his or her full potential. This review systematically synthesizes the available evidence on the strategies used to prevent micronutrient malnutrition among children under-five in LMICs, including single and multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation, lipid-based nutrient supplementation (LNS), targeted and large-scale fortification, and point-of-use-fortification with micronutrient powders (MNPs). We searched relevant databases and grey literature, retrieving 35,924 papers. After application of eligibility criteria, we included 197 unique studies. Of note, we examined the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions. We found that certain outcomes, such as anemia, responded to several intervention types. The risk of anemia was reduced with iron alone, iron-folic acid, MMN supplementation, MNPs, targeted fortification, and large-scale fortification. Stunting and underweight, however, were improved only among children who were provided with LNS, though MMN supplementation also slightly increased length-for-age z-scores. Vitamin A supplementation likely reduced all-cause mortality, while zinc supplementation decreased the incidence of diarrhea. Importantly, many effects of LNS and MNPs held when pooling data from effectiveness studies. Taken together, this evidence further supports the importance of these strategies for reducing the burden of micronutrient malnutrition in children. Population and context should be considered when selecting one or more appropriate interventions for programming. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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