Chitin Deacetylases: Structures, Specificities, and Biotech Applications
| Autor: | Hugo Aragunde, Laia Grifoll-Romero, Sergi Pascual, Xevi Biarnés, Antoni Planas |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Cell signaling chitooligosaccharides carbohydrate esterases chitin deacetylases Polymers and Plastics substrate specificity macromolecular substances Review Gene delivery 01 natural sciences lcsh:QD241-441 Chitosan 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Molecular recognition lcsh:Organic chemistry Chitin 010608 biotechnology structure Depolymerization General Chemistry Processivity carbohydrates (lipids) 030104 developmental biology chemistry Biochemistry Acetylation chitosan deacetylation pattern |
| Zdroj: | Polymers Polymers, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 352 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4360 |
| Popis: | Depolymerization and de-N-acetylation of chitin by chitinases and deacetylases generates a series of derivatives including chitosans and chitooligosaccharides (COS), which are involved in molecular recognition events such as modulation of cell signaling and morphogenesis, immune responses, and host-pathogen interactions. Chitosans and COS are also attractive scaffolds for the development of bionanomaterials for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering applications. Most of the biological activities associated with COS seem to be largely dependent not only on the degree of polymerization but also on the acetylation pattern, which defines the charge density and distribution of GlcNAc and GlcNH2 moieties in chitosans and COS. Chitin de-N-acetylases (CDAs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the acetamido group in GlcNAc residues of chitin, chitosan, and COS. The deacetylation patterns are diverse, some CDAs being specific for single positions, others showing multiple attack, processivity or random actions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on substrate specificity of bacterial and fungal CDAs, focusing on the structural and molecular aspects of their modes of action. Understanding the structural determinants of specificity will not only contribute to unravelling structure-function relationships, but also to use and engineer CDAs as biocatalysts for the production of tailor-made chitosans and COS for a growing number of applications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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