Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation
| Autor: | Risto Hillamo, Jenni Alanen, Eija Asmi, Erkka Saukko, Panu Karjalainen, Mia Isotalo, Hanna Hannuniemi, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Jorma Keskinen, Lasse Johansson, Heikki Lihavainen, Päivi Aakko-Saksa, Pauli Simonen, Topi Rönkkö, Sanna Saarikoski, Niina Kuittinen, Fanni Mylläri, Tuomas Laurila, Kati Lehtoranta, Hilkka Timonen |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Tampere University, Physics, Research area: Aerosol Physics, Research group: The Instrumentation, Emissions, and Atmospheric Aerosols Group |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Particle number Oceans and Seas Scrubber 010501 environmental sciences Atmospheric sciences 114 Physical sciences 01 natural sciences 7. Clean energy SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being Natural gas Ultrafine particle SDG 13 - Climate Action Environmental Chemistry Humans SDG 14 - Life Below Water Air quality index Ships 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Vehicle Emissions Air Pollutants business.industry General Chemistry Fuel oil Flue-gas desulfurization Plume 13. Climate action Environmental science Particulate Matter business Sulfur |
| Zdroj: | Kuittinen, N, Jalkanen, J-P, Alanen, J, Ntziachristos, L, Hannuniemi, H, Johansson, L, Karjalainen, P, Saukko, E, Isotalo, M, Aakko-Saksa, P, Lehtoranta, K, Keskinen, J, Simonen, P, Saarikoski, S, Asmi, E, Laurila, T, Hillamo, R, Mylläri, F, Lihavainen, H, Timonen, H & Rönkkö, T 2021, ' Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation ', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 129–138 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03627 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.est.0c03627 |
| Popis: | Shipping is the main source of anthropogenic particle emissions in large areas of the globe, influencing climate, air quality, and human health in open seas and coast lines. Here, we determined, by laboratory and on-board measurements of ship engine exhaust, fuel-specific particle number (PN) emissions for different fuels and desulfurization applied in shipping. The emission factors were compared to ship exhaust plume observations and, furthermore, exploited in the assessment of global PN emissions from shipping, utilizing the STEAM ship emission model. The results indicate that most particles in the fresh ship engine exhaust are in ultrafine particle size range. Shipping PN emissions are localized, especially close to coastal lines, but significant emissions also exist on open seas and oceans. The global annual PN produced by marine shipping was 1.2 × 1028 (±0.34 × 1028) particles in 2016, thus being of the same magnitude with total anthropogenic PN emissions in continental areas. The reduction potential of PN from shipping strongly depends on the adopted technology mix, and except wide adoption of natural gas or scrubbers, no significant decrease in global PN is expected if heavy fuel oil is mainly replaced by low sulfur residual fuels. The results imply that shipping remains as a significant source of anthropogenic PN emissions that should be considered in future climate and health impact models. acceptedVersion |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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