UV/chlorine process for degradation of benzothiazole and benzotriazole in water: Efficiency, mechanism and toxicity evaluation
| Autor: | Tao Yang, Sisi Wu, Lin Guo, Jun Ma, Zongwen Mo, Mengchen Zhang, Chunping Liu, Jiamin Mai, Minchao Liu, Liuyan Tang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Halogenation Ultraviolet Rays chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Water Purification chemistry.chemical_compound Reaction rate constant polycyclic compounds Chlorine Environmental Chemistry Humic acid Reactivity (chemistry) Benzothiazoles Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences chemistry.chemical_classification Benzotriazole Water Triazoles Pollution Disinfection Kinetics Benzothiazole chemistry Degradation (geology) Hydroxyl radical Oxidation-Reduction Water Pollutants Chemical Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. 760 |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Benzothiazole (BZA) and benzotriazole (BTZ) as emerging contaminants were found persistent in aquatic environments and toxic to aquatic organisms. The degradation of BZA and BTZ by UV/chlorine was systematically investigated in this study, and the results showed that BZA and BTZ can be remarkably removed by UV/chlorine compared with UV alone and dark chlorination. The radical quenching tests showed that degradation of BZA and BTZ by UV/chlorine involved the participation of reactive chlorine species (RCS), hydroxyl radical (HO·), and UV photolysis. HO· dominated BZA degradation at neutral and alkalinity, while RCS dominated BTZ degradation. The second-rate order constants for ClO· and BZA and BTZ were 2.22 × 108 M−1 s−1, and 2.40 × 108 M−1 s−1, respectively. Besides, the second-order rate constants for HO· and BZA and BTZ were also determined at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively. The degradation efficiency of BZA by UV/chlorine was substantially promoted at acidic conditions, while the degradation efficiency of BTZ was promoted at both acidic and specific alkaline range mainly due to the reactivity of radical species and deprotonated form. The influence of Cl− was negligible, but the suppression effect of humic acid was slight during the BZA and BZT degradation by UV/chlorine. The transformation products were detected and the possible pathways were proposed. Seven disinfection by-products (DBPs) were identified both in BZA and BTZ degradation and trichloromethane was the main DBP. The toxicity assessment performed by luminescent bacteria and ECOSAR analysis indicated that the detoxification of BZA could be achieved by UV/chlorine, whereas the toxicity of BTZ was increased mainly due to the formation of intermediates. The findings from this study demonstrated UV/chlorine is likewise efficient for BZA and BTZ removal but the toxicity should be considered in the BTZ degradation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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