The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU

Autor: Eric L. Nielsen, Robert J. De Rosa, Bruce Macintosh, Jason J. Wang, Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Eugene Chiang, Mark S. Marley, Didier Saumon, Dmitry Savransky, S. Mark Ammons, Vanessa P. Bailey, Travis Barman, Célia Blain, Joanna Bulger, Adam Burrows, Jeffrey Chilcote, Tara Cotten, Ian Czekala, Rene Doyon, Gaspard Duchêne, Thomas M. Esposito, Daniel Fabrycky, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Katherine B. Follette, Jonathan J. Fortney, Benjamin L. Gerard, Stephen J. Goodsell, James R. Graham, Alexandra Z. Greenbaum, Pascale Hibon, Sasha Hinkley, Lea A. Hirsch, Justin Hom, Li-Wei Hung, Rebekah Ilene Dawson, Patrick Ingraham, Paul Kalas, Quinn Konopacky, James E. Larkin, Eve J. Lee, Jonathan W. Lin, Jérôme Maire, Franck Marchis, Christian Marois, Stanimir Metchev, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Katie M. Morzinski, Rebecca Oppenheimer, David Palmer, Jennifer Patience, Marshall Perrin, Lisa Poyneer, Laurent Pueyo, Roman R. Rafikov, Abhijith Rajan, Julien Rameau, Fredrik T. Rantakyrö, Bin Ren, Adam C. Schneider, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Inseok Song, Remi Soummer, Melisa Tallis, Sandrine Thomas, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Schuyler Wolff
Přispěvatelé: Nielsen, EL [0000-0001-6975-9056], De Rosa, RJ [0000-0002-4918-0247], Macintosh, B [0000-0003-1212-7538], Wang, JJ [0000-0003-0774-6502], Ruffio, JB [0000-0003-2233-4821], Chiang, E [0000-0002-6246-2310], Marley, MS [0000-0002-5251-2943], Saumon, D [0000-0001-6800-3505], Savransky, D [0000-0002-8711-7206], Mark Ammons, S [0000-0001-5172-7902], Bailey, VP [0000-0002-5407-2806], Barman, T [0000-0002-7129-3002], Bulger, J [0000-0003-4641-2003], Burrows, A [0000-0002-3099-5024], Chilcote, J [0000-0001-6305-7272], Cotten, T [0000-0003-0156-3019], Czekala, I [0000-0002-1483-8811], Esposito, TM [0000-0002-0792-3719], Fabrycky, D [0000-0003-3750-0183], Fitzgerald, MP [0000-0002-0176-8973], Follette, KB [0000-0002-7821-0695], Fortney, JJ [0000-0002-9843-4354], Gerard, BL [0000-0003-3978-9195], Goodsell, SJ [0000-0002-4144-5116], Greenbaum, AZ [0000-0002-7162-8036], Hibon, P [0000-0003-3726-5494], Hinkley, S [0000-0001-8074-2562], Hung, LW [0000-0003-1498-6088], Ilene Dawson, R [0000-0001-9677-1296], Ingraham, P [0000-0003-3715-8138], Konopacky, Q [0000-0002-9936-6285], Larkin, JE [0000-0001-7687-3965], Lee, EJ [0000-0002-1228-9820], Marchis, F [0000-0001-7016-7277], Marois, C [0000-0002-4164-4182], Metchev, S [0000-0003-3050-8203], Millar-Blanchaer, MA [0000-0001-6205-9233], Morzinski, KM [0000-0002-1384-0063], Oppenheimer, R [0000-0001-7130-7681], Perrin, M [0000-0002-3191-8151], Rafikov, RR [0000-0002-0012-1609], Rajan, A [0000-0002-9246-5467], Rameau, J [0000-0003-0029-0258], Rantakyrö, FT [0000-0002-9667-2244], Ren, B [0000-0003-1698-9696], Schneider, AC [0000-0002-6294-5937], Sivaramakrishnan, A [0000-0003-1251-4124], Song, I [0000-0002-5815-7372], Soummer, R [0000-0003-2753-2819], Tallis, M [0000-0002-5917-6524], Thomas, S [0000-0002-9121-3436], Ward-Duong, K [0000-0002-4479-8291], Wolff, S [0000-0002-9977-8255], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
planets and satellites: detection
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Stellar mass
detection [planets and satellites]
Brown dwarf
FOS: Physical sciences
Astrophysics
Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
adaptive optics [instrumentation]
Astronomy & Astrophysics
instrumentation: adaptive optics
01 natural sciences
Planet
0103 physical sciences
Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
010303 astronomy & astrophysics
planetary systems
Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Physics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Mass distribution
Giant planet
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Exoplanet
Stars
13. Climate action
Space and Planetary Science
astro-ph.EP
Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Planetary mass
Astronomical and Space Sciences
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Zdroj: The Astronomical Journal, vol 158, iss 1
Nielsen, Eric L; Rosa, Robert J De; Macintosh, Bruce; Wang, Jason J; Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste; Chiang, Eugene; et al.(2019). The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU. UCLA: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/06w3x56n
The Astronomical Journal, 158(1), 13
Astronomical Journal, vol 158, iss 1
Popis: We present a statistical analysis of the first 300 stars observed by the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey (GPIES). This subsample includes six detected planets and three brown dwarfs; from these detections and our contrast curves we infer the underlying distributions of substellar companions with respect to their mass, semi-major axis, and host stellar mass. We uncover a strong correlation between planet occurrence rate and host star mass, with stars M $>$ 1.5 $M_\odot$ more likely to host planets with masses between 2-13 M$_{\rm Jup}$ and semi-major axes of 3-100 au at 99.92% confidence. We fit a double power-law model in planet mass (m) and semi-major axis (a) for planet populations around high-mass stars (M $>$ 1.5M$_\odot$) of the form $\frac{d^2 N}{dm da} \propto m^\alpha a^\beta$, finding $\alpha$ = -2.4 $\pm$ 0.8 and $\beta$ = -2.0 $\pm$ 0.5, and an integrated occurrence rate of $9^{+5}_{-4}$% between 5-13 M$_{\rm Jup}$ and 10-100 au. A significantly lower occurrence rate is obtained for brown dwarfs around all stars, with 0.8$^{+0.8}_{-0.5}$% of stars hosting a brown dwarf companion between 13-80 M$_{\rm Jup}$ and 10-100 au. Brown dwarfs also appear to be distributed differently in mass and semi-major axis compared to giant planets; whereas giant planets follow a bottom-heavy mass distribution and favor smaller semi-major axes, brown dwarfs exhibit just the opposite behaviors. Comparing to studies of short-period giant planets from the RV method, our results are consistent with a peak in occurrence of giant planets between ~1-10 au. We discuss how these trends, including the preference of giant planets for high-mass host stars, point to formation of giant planets by core/pebble accretion, and formation of brown dwarfs by gravitational instability.
Comment: 52 pages, 18 figures. AJ in press
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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