Roles of substrate availability and infection of resting and activated CD4 + T cells in transmission and acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection
| Autor: | Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Qingsheng Li, Cavan S. Reilly, Marta Dykhuizen Shore, Lijie Duan, Zhiqiang Zhang, Ashley T. Haase, Jeffrey D. Lifson |
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| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
viruses T cell Cell Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Antigens Differentiation Myelomonocytic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Cervix Uteri Biology Lymphocyte Activation Virus Replication medicine.disease_cause Virus Antigens CD In vivo medicine Animals In Situ Hybridization Fluorescence Multidisciplinary Transmission (medicine) Macrophages S100 Proteins Virion Dendritic Cells Biological Sciences Simian immunodeficiency virus Macaca mulatta Virology In vitro CD4 Lymphocyte Count Ki-67 Antigen medicine.anatomical_structure Viral replication Acute Disease RNA Viral Female Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lymph Nodes |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101:5640-5645 |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0308425101 |
| Popis: | In studies of sexual mucosal transmission and early stages of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and HIV infections, productive infection predominates in CD4 + T cell populations, in both ostensibly resting and activated cells. The surprising ability of SIV and HIV to replicate in resting cells in vivo , in contrast to propagation of infection in vitro , suggested a model in which during the early stages of infection these viruses exploit the greater availability of resting cells to maintain unbroken chains of transmission from an infected resting cell to another resting cell nearby. Because immune activation in response to infection provides more activated CD4 + T cells, these viruses take advantage of the greater efficiency of virus production and spread in activated cells for propagation and dissemination of infection. In this article, we report the results of experimental tests of this model, including visualization at the light microscopic level and direct analysis of virus production by cells in tissues. Analysis of tissues of rhesus macaques inoculated intravaginally or i.v. with SIV supports the proposed roles of target cell availability, susceptibility, and virus production by infected resting and activated CD4 + T cells in mucosal transmission and early infection, and points to a potential role for topical anti-inflammatory agents in moderating the initial propagation of infection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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