INFECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: An Analysis of 222 Febrile Neutropenic Episodes

Autor:	Sameer Bakhshi, Laxman Singh Arya, K. S. Padmanjali
Rok vydání:	2008
Předmět:	Male medicine.medical_specialty Neutropenia Fever Gram-Positive Bacteria Infections medicine.disease_cause Internal medicine Gram-Negative Bacteria medicine Humans Child Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Retrospective Studies Acute leukemia business.industry Incidence Fungi Infant Induction chemotherapy Hematology Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma medicine.disease Pneumonia Oncology Staphylococcus aureus Child Preschool Bacteremia Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Immunology Female business Febrile neutropenia
Zdroj:	Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 25:385-392
ISSN:	1521-0669 0888-0018
DOI:	10.1080/08880010802106564
Popis:	A retrospective analysis was performed on febrile neutropenic episodes in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from 1992 to 2002. There were 222 febrile neutropenic episodes in 266 ALL patients with documented ANC < 500/mm(3). Of the 222 episodes, 98 (44%) had documented focus of infection; the rest were fever without focus. There were 274 different sites of infection in the 98 episodes of documented focus of infection; pulmonary infections were the commonest site of infection (27.3%) followed by HEENT (22.9%). Of 69 bacterial isolates, gram-negative bacteria (n = 46, 67%) were twice as common as gram-positive bacteria (n = 23, 33%). Most common site of isolation for gram-negative bacteria was blood (50%) followed by urine (32.6%). Blood (78.3%) was predominant site of isolation of gram-positive bacteria followed by HEENT (8.7%). Escherichia coli (45.7%) was the commonest gram-negative isolate, while Staphylococcus aureus (39%) was the commonest gram-positive bacterial isolate. There were a total of 22 fungal isolates, the majority from urine (n = 12) and HEENT (n = 9). Of the 22 fungal isolates, 19 were detected in induction phase of chemotherapy. A total of 95/222 (42.8%) febrile neutropenic episodes improved with first-line antibiotic therapy, while modification was required in 127 episodes (57.2%). Antifungal therapy was used in 86 episodes (38.7%). There were a total of 13 deaths, 6 each during induction and intensification/consolidation phases, while 1 died during maintenance phase. Of the 13 deaths, 10 had pneumonia, 8 had bacteremia, and 7 had fungal infection. The current study stresses the importance of frequent reviewing of type, frequency, severity, and outcome of infection complications over the years to detect changing epidemiological patterns. The majority of fungal infections were detected during induction chemotherapy, which highlights the need to consider this type of infection in the evaluation of patients.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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