School-Based versus Community-Based Sampling for Trachoma Surveillance
| Autor: | Solomon Aragie, E. Kelly Callahan, Joseph P. Sheehan, Paul M. Emerson, Thanapong Somkijrungroj, Thomas M. Lietman, Nicole E. Stoller, Sintayehu Gebresillasie, Ayalew Shiferaw, Jeremy D. Keenan, Demelash Tadesse, Zerihun Tadesse |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Endemic Diseases 030231 tropical medicine Population Sample (statistics) Chlamydia trachomatis Medical and Health Sciences 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Clinical Research Virology Tropical Medicine Prevalence Medicine Humans Generalizability theory 030212 general & internal medicine education Students Child Preschool Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision Trachoma Pediatric education.field_of_study Chlamydia Schools Receiver operating characteristic business.industry Infant Articles medicine.disease Confidence interval Cross-Sectional Studies Infectious Diseases Good Health and Well Being Child Preschool Epidemiological Monitoring Neglected tropical diseases Parasitology Female Ethiopia business Demography |
| Zdroj: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, vol 99, iss 1 |
| Popis: | Trachoma surveillance is typically performed via random sampling of endemic districts. This strategy minimizes bias and allows examination of preschool children, but is also expensive. Surveillance for some other neglected tropical diseases is carried out in schools, which is logistically easier. In the present study, the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) from a population-based sample of children from each of 70 communities in Ethiopia was compared with the corresponding school-based estimate, which was calculated for each community by performing examinations in all primary schools in the district. The overall prevalence of TF was 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.0-43.1%) among children aged 1-9 years in the community-based sample and 18.8% (95% CI: 15.9-21.7%) among children in grades 1-3 of the school-based sample. School-based estimates of TF explained 35% of the variation in the community-based prevalences (P < 0.001). When TF prevalence was used as a diagnostic test for detecting a community with > 5% prevalence of ocular chlamydia, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60-0.85) for the school-based sample and 0.71 (0.58-0.83) for the community-based sample (P = 0.76). Thus, although school-based monitoring was necessarily biased relative to population-based monitoring of 1- to 9-year olds, the two methods provided a similar amount of information about the community burden of ocular chlamydia in this trachoma-hyperendemic setting. The generalizability of these findings to areas with less prevalent trachoma is unclear. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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