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espanolLa leche es un alimento que tiene una gran importancia en la sociedad; en su comercializacion se utiliza el pago por calidad, donde los parametros fisico-quimicos y microbiologicos, determinan el precio de la leche. Por tal motivo el presente trabajo de investigacion tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de los factores ambientales (temperatura, precipitacion, humedad, radiacion solar) en la calidad fisicoquimica y microbiologica de la leche bovina en tres zonas de la Region San Martin -Peru. Para ello se recolectaron muestras de leche en cada zona de estudio y fueron analizadas para obtener sus caracteristicas de densidad, acidez, grasa, proteina, solidos totales, mesofilos aerobios y numeracion de coliformes. Se utilizo la prueba de Duncan al 5%, ademas de la correlacion de Spearman con la finalidad de determinar el grado de asociacion entre las variables de calidad fisicoquimicas y microbiologicas de la leche con los factores ambientales. Concluyendo que los factores ambientales) influyen en la densidad, materia grasa y cantidad de solidos totales presentes en la leche. Ademas,los factores ambientales afectaron directamente a la numeracion de aerobios mesofilos, en especial laradiacion solar y la temperatura. EnglishMilk is a food that has a great importance in society because, for its commercialization, payment for quality is used, where the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters determine the price of milk. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the influence of environmental factors (temperature, rain precipitation, humidity, solar radiation) on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of bovine milk in the zones of the San Martin Region - Peru. For it samples of milk were gathered in every zone of study and were analyzed to obtain his characteristics of density, acidity, fat, protein, solid total, aerobic mesophiles and numbering of coliforms. Duncan test at 5% was used to compare means, in addition Spearman correlation was performed in order to determine the degree of association between the variables of physicochemical and microbiological quality of milk with environmental factors. Concluded that environmental factors affect the density, fat and thus in the number of total solids in milk. Besides environmental factors directly affecting the numbering of aerobic mesophilic, especially solar radiation and temperature. |
