Changes of explicitly and implicitly measured self-esteem in the treatment of major depression: Evidence for implicit self-esteem compensation
| Autor: | Alexandra Kleiman, Franziska Geiser, Anne Sarah Koch, Katrin Imbierowicz, Ingo Wegener, Jan Mierke, Rupert Conrad, Susanne Alfter |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male lcsh:RC435-571 media_common.quotation_subject Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression score behavioral disciplines and activities Young Adult lcsh:Psychiatry Humans Implicit self-esteem Depression (differential diagnoses) Aged media_common Depressive Disorder Major Inpatients Psychological Tests Compensation (psychology) Self-esteem Implicit-association test social sciences Middle Aged University hospital Antidepressive Agents Self Concept humanities Psychiatry and Mental health Clinical Psychology Psychotherapy Group behavior and behavior mechanisms Female Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Psychology Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol 58, Iss, Pp 57-67 (2015) |
| Popis: | Background and objectives Self-esteem has been claimed to be an important factor in the development and maintenance of depression. Whereas explicit self-esteem is usually reduced in depressed individuals, studies on implicitly measured self-esteem in depression exhibit a more heterogeneous pattern of results, and the role of implicit self-esteem in depression is still ambiguous. Previous research on implicit self-esteem compensation (ISEC) revealed that implicit self-esteem can mirror processes of self-esteem compensation under conditions that threaten self-esteem. We assume that depressed individuals experience a permanent threat to their selves resulting in enduring processes of ISEC. We hypothesize that ISEC as measured by implicit self-esteem will decrease when individuals recover from depression. Methods 45 patients with major depression received an integrative in-patient treatment in the Psychosomatic University Hospital Bonn, Germany. Depression was measured by the depression score of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Self-esteem was assessed explicitly using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and implicitly by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Name Letter Test (NLT). Results As expected for a successful treatment of depression, depression scores declined during the eight weeks of treatment and explicit self-esteem rose. In line with our hypothesis, both measures of implicit self-esteem decreased, indicating reduced processes of ISEC. Limitations It still remains unclear, under which conditions there is an overlap of measures of implicit and explicit self-esteem. Conclusions The results lend support to the concept of ISEC and demonstrate the relevance of implicit self-esteem and self-esteem compensation for the understanding of depression. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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