A Non-canonical Pathway from Cochlea to Brain Signals Tissue-Damaging Noise
Autor: | Rebecca P. Seal, Gagan Kumar, Thomas Madathany, Anne Duggan, M. Charles Liberman, Ann K. Hogan, Freddie Márquez, Emma N. Flores, Jaime García-Añoveros, Robert H. Edwards |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Předmět: |
Nociception
Amino Acid Transport Systems Acidic Models Neurological Sensory system Biology Somatosensory system Article General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Cochlear nucleus Mice medicine otorhinolaryngologic diseases Animals Cochlea Spiral ganglion Mice Knockout Vestibular system Afferent Pathways Hair Cells Auditory Inner Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Anatomy medicine.anatomical_structure Organ of Corti Auditory Perception Nociceptor sense organs Noise General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Neuroscience Brain Stem |
Zdroj: | Current Biology. (5):606-612 |
ISSN: | 0960-9822 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.009 |
Popis: | SummaryIntense noise damages the cochlear organ of Corti, particularly the outer hair cells (OHCs) [1]; however, this epithelium is not innervated by nociceptors of somatosensory ganglia, which detect damage elsewhere in the body. The only sensory neurons innervating the organ of Corti originate from the spiral ganglion, roughly 95% of which innervate exclusively inner hair cells (IHCs) [2–4]. Upon sound stimulation, IHCs release glutamate to activate AMPA-type receptors on these myelinated type-I neurons, which carry the neuronal signals to the cochlear nucleus. The remaining spiral ganglion cells (type IIs) are unmyelinated and contact OHCs [2–4]. Their function is unknown. Using immunoreactivity to cFos, we documented neuronal activation in the brainstem of Vglut3−/− mice, in which the canonical auditory pathway (activation of type-I afferents by glutamate released from inner hair cells) is silenced [5, 6]. In these deaf mice, we found responses to noxious noise, which damages hair cells, but not to innocuous noise, in neurons of the cochlear nucleus, but not in the vestibular or trigeminal nuclei. This response originates in the cochlea and not in other areas also stimulated by intense noise (middle ear and vestibule) as it was absent in CD1 mice with selective cochlear degeneration but normal vestibular and somatosensory function. These data imply the existence of an alternative neuronal pathway from cochlea to brainstem that is activated by tissue-damaging noise and does not require glutamate release from IHCs. This detection of noise-induced tissue damage, possibly by type-II cochlear afferents, represents a novel form of sensation that we term auditory nociception. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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