Attributable fractions for substance use in relation to crime
| Autor: | Emily Biggar, Chealsea De Moor, Pam Kent, Justin Sorge, Tim Stockwell, Bridget Maloney-Hall, Jinhui Zhao, Adam Sherk, John R. Weekes, Matthew M. Young, Shanna Farrell MacDonald |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Research Report
medicine.medical_specialty Automobile Driving Canada Substance-Related Disorders 030508 substance abuse Medicine (miscellaneous) substance use Impaired driving Violent crime 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Alcohol Dependence Scale mental disorders medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Psychiatry health care economics and organizations Custodial sentence biology alcohol Attributable fractions Research Reports social sciences biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Substance abuse Psychiatry and Mental health Cross-Sectional Studies Attributable risk population characteristics Cannabis Crime criminal justice costs substance harms Substance use 0305 other medical science Psychology human activities |
| Zdroj: | Addiction (Abingdon, England) |
| ISSN: | 1360-0443 |
| Popis: | Aims Building upon an existing methodology and conceptual framework for estimating the association between the use of substances and crime, we calculated attributable fractions that estimate the proportion of crimes explained by alcohol and six other categories of psychoactive substances. Design Cross-sectional surveys. Setting Canadian federal correctional institutions. Participants Canadian men (n = 27 803) and women (n = 1335) offenders who began serving a custodial sentence in a Canadian federal correctional institution between 2006 and 2016. Measurements Offenders completed the computerized assessment of substance abuse, a self-report tool designed to assess (1) whether the offence for which they were convicted would have occurred had they not been intoxicated from alcohol or another substance, (2) whether they committed the offence to support their alcohol or other substance use and (3) whether they were dependent on alcohol (alcohol dependence scale) or another substance (drug abuse screening test). Offences were grouped into four mutually exclusive categories: violent crimes, non-violent crimes, impaired driving and substance-defined crimes. This study focused on violent and non-violent crime categories. Substances assessed were: alcohol, cannabis, opioids, other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, cocaine, other CNS stimulants and other substances. Findings According to offender self-report, 42% of all violent and non-violent crime would probably not have occurred if the perpetrator had not been under the influence of, or seeking, alcohol or other substances. Between 2006 and 2016, 20% of violent crimes and 7% of non-violent crimes in Canada were considered attributable to alcohol. In contrast, all other psychoactive substance categories combined were associated with 26% of all violent crime and 25% of non-violent crime during the same time-frame. Conclusions Attributable fraction analyses show that more than 42% of Canadian crime resulting in a custodial sentence between 2006 and 2016 would probably not have occurred if the perpetrator had not been under the influence of or seeking alcohol or other drugs. Attributable fractions for alcohol and substance-related crime are a potentially useful resource for estimating the impact of alcohol and other substances on crime. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Plný text