Distribution of vitamin D status in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank
| Autor: | Charlotte Warren-Gash, Sinead Langan, Liam Smeeth, Liang-Yu Lin |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty 030309 nutrition & dietetics Cross-sectional study Epidemiology lcsh:Medicine Lower risk vitamin D deficiency 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Vitamin D and neurology Prevalence Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Prospective Studies Vitamin D Prospective cohort study Socioeconomic status Aged Biological Specimen Banks nutrition & dietetics 2. Zero hunger 0303 health sciences business.industry Public health lcsh:R public health General Medicine Middle Aged medicine.disease Vitamin D Deficiency United Kingdom 3. Good health Cross-Sectional Studies England Dietary Supplements Seasons business Demography |
| Zdroj: | BMJ Open BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss 1 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2044-6055 |
| Popis: | ObjectiveNo recent large studies have described the distribution of vitamin D status in the UK. Understanding the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency is important to inform targeted public health recommendations. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of factors associated with serum vitamin D status in a large national cohort.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe UK Biobank, a prospective cohort study following the health and well-being of middle-aged and older adults recruited between 2006 and 2010.ParticipantsA total of 449 943 participants aged 40–69 years with measured serum vitamin D status were eligible for the analysis. Participants completed a questionnaire about sex, age, ethnic background, vitamin D supplementation, smoking, drinking and socioeconomic status.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe investigated the distribution of serum vitamin D status and the association between demographic factors and vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ResultsAsian (n=4297/8000, 53.7%) and black (n=2459/7046, 34.9%) participants had a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency than white participants (n=50 920/422 907, 12%). During spring and winter, the proportion of vitamin D deficiency was higher across the UK and higher in the north than in the south. Male sex, abnormal body mass index, non-white ethnic backgrounds, smoking and being more socioeconomically deprived were associated with higher odds of vitamin D deficiency. Increasing age, taking vitamin D supplements and drinking alcohol were associated with lower odds of deficiency.ConclusionsVitamin D status varied among different ethnic groups and by season and geographical area within the UK. Taking supplements was associated with a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. These findings support the vitamin D supplementation recommendations of Public Health England. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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