Detoxification of Atrazine by Low Molecular Weight Thiols in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
| Autor: | Jiang Yan Xu, Feng Fan Lu, She Feng Jin, Jing Jing Zhang, Hong Yang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cell Membrane Permeability 010501 environmental sciences Biology Toxicology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Detoxification Atrazine Sulfhydryl Compounds Gene 0105 earth and related environmental sciences chemistry.chemical_classification ATP synthase Molecular Structure Abiotic stress Oryza General Medicine Glutathione synthetase Molecular Weight Oxidative Stress 030104 developmental biology Enzyme chemistry Biochemistry biology.protein Xenobiotic Medicago sativa |
| Zdroj: | Chemical research in toxicology. 30(10) |
| ISSN: | 1520-5010 |
| Popis: | Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols in higher plants are a group of sulfur-rich nonprotein compounds and play primary and multiple roles in cellular redox homeostasis, enzyme activities, and xenobiotics detoxification. This study focused on identifying thiols-related protein genes from the legume alfalfa exposed to the herbicide atrazine (ATZ) residues in environment. Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing, a set of ATZ-responsive thiols-related protein genes highly up-regulated and differentially expressed in alfalfa was identified. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in regulation of biotic and abiotic stress responses. By analyzing the genes involved in thiols-mediated redox homeostasis, we found that many of them were thiols-synthetic enzymes such as γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (γECS), homoglutathione synthetase (hGSHS), and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we further characterized a group of ATZ-thiols conjugates, which are the detoxified forms of ATZ in plants. Cysteine S-conjugate ATZ-HCl+Cys was the most important metabolite detected by MS. Several other ATZ-conjugates were also examined as ATZ-detoxified metabolites. Such results were validated by characterizing their analogs in rice. Our data showed that some conjugates under ATZ stress were detected in both plants, indicating that some detoxified mechanisms and pathways can be shared by the two plant species. Overall, these results indicate that LMW thiols play critical roles in detoxification of ATZ in the plants. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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