Comparison of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and the 'date rape' drug GHB: behavioral toxicology in the mouse model

Autor: Raffaella Arfè, Federica Foti, Giovanni Serpelloni, Margherita Neri, Michela Tirri, Paolo Frisoni, Sabrine Bilel, Matteo Marti, Francesco Boccuto, Fabio De-Giorgio, Tatiana Bernardi
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Male
Reflex
Startle
Pharmacology
Sedative hypnotics
Hypnotic
Mice
0302 clinical medicine
Cardiorespiratory changes
Date-rape drug
Drug-facilitated crimes
Drug-facilitated sexual assault
GHB
Knock out drugs
New psychoactive substances
NMP
Sedative hypnotics
Drug facilitated sexual assault
Medicine
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drug-facilitated crimes
Mice
Inbred ICR
LS7_9
Pyrrolidinones
Date-rape drug
Models
Animal
Respiratory Insufficiency
Sodium Oxybate
Date rape drug
Locomotion
medicine.drug_class
NO
03 medical and health sciences
Heart rate
LS7_3
Animals
Adverse effect
LS7_5
date drugs
Dose-Response Relationship
Drug
business.industry
Illicit Drugs
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Knock out drugs
Settore MED/43 - MEDICINA LEGALE
NMP
030227 psychiatry
New psychoactive substances
Sedative
Rape
Drug-facilitated sexual assault
Righting reflex
Cardiorespiratory changes
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
business
GHB
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Psychomotor Performance
Adjuvants
Anesthesia
Zdroj: Psychopharmacology. 238(8)
ISSN: 1432-2072
Popis: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and γ-hydroxybutyrate acid (GHB) are synthetic solvents detected in the recreational drug market. GHB has sedative/hypnotic properties and is used for criminal purposes to compromise reaction ability and commit drug-facilitated sexual assaults and other crimes. NMP is a strong solubilizing solvent that has been used alone or mixed with GHB in case of abuse and robberies. The aim of this experimental study is to compare the acute pharmaco-toxicological effects of NMP and GHB on neurological signs (myoclonia, convulsions), sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and overall tactile) responses, righting reflex, thermoregulation, and motor activity (bar, drag, and accelerod test) in CD-1 male mice. Moreover, since cardiorespiratory depression is one of the main adverse effects related to GHB intake, we investigated the effect of NMP and GHB on cardiorespiratory changes (heart rate, breath rate, oxygen saturation, and pulse distension) in mice. The present study demonstrates that NMP inhibited sensorimotor and motor responses and induced cardiorespiratory depression, with a lower potency and efficacy compared to GHB. These results suggest that NMP can hardly be used alone as a substance to perpetrate sexual assault or robberies.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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