Rapid Salivary IgG Antibody Screening for Hepatitis A
| Autor: | Timothy J. Wade, Malini K. D. Ramudit, Swinburne A. J. Augustine, Shannon M. Griffin, Clarissa L. Curioso, Kaneatra J. Simmons, Alfred P. Dufour, Tarsha Eason, Kevin Oshima, Elizabeth Sams |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Saliva Population Indicator bacteria 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Risk factor Immunoassays education education.field_of_study business.industry Puerto Rico Hepatitis A Outbreak medicine.disease Diarrhea 030104 developmental biology Immunoglobulin G Hepatitis A virus medicine.symptom business Risk assessment |
| Zdroj: | J Clin Microbiol |
| ISSN: | 1098-660X 0095-1137 |
| DOI: | 10.1128/jcm.00358-20 |
| Popis: | Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common infection that is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, shed in the stool of infected individuals, and spread either by direct contact or by ingesting contaminated food or water. Each year, approximately 1.4 million acute cases are reported globally with a major risk factor for exposure being low household socioeconomic status. Recent trends show a decrease in anti-HAV antibodies in the general population, with concomitant increases in the numbers of HAV outbreaks. In line with a recreational water study, this effort aims to assess the prevalence of salivary IgG antibodies against HAV and subsequent incident infections (or immunoconversions) in visitors to a tropical beach impacted by a publicly owned treatment works (POTW). We applied a multiplex immunoassay to serially collected saliva samples gathered from study participants who recreated at Boquerón Beach, Puerto Rico. Analysis of assay results revealed an immunoprevalence rate of 16.17% for HAV with 1.43% of the cohort immunoconverting to HAV. Among those who immunoconverted, 10% reported chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and none experienced diarrhea. Tests on water samples indicated good water quality with low levels of fecal indicator bacteria; however, the collection and analysis of saliva samples afforded the ability to detect HAV infections in beachgoers. This rapid assay serves as a cost-effective tool for examining exposure to environmental pathogens and can provide critical information to policy makers, water quality experts, and risk assessment professionals seeking to improve and protect recreational water and public health. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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