Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in fine particulate matter and their health risk assessment through inhalation exposure pathway
| Autor: | Anita Lakhani, K. Maharaj Kumari, Dinesh Sah, Puneet Kumar Verma |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Biological Availability India chemistry.chemical_element Chemical Fractionation 010501 environmental sciences Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences Arsenic Chromium Geochemistry and Petrology Metals Heavy medicine Humans Environmental Chemistry Mass concentration (chemistry) 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Water Science and Technology Inhalation exposure Inhalation Exposure Cadmium medicine.diagnostic_test Infant General Medicine Contamination Bioavailability Lead chemistry Child Preschool Environmental chemistry Carcinogens Female Particulate Matter Blood lead level Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 41:1445-1458 |
| ISSN: | 1573-2983 0269-4042 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10653-018-0223-8 |
| Popis: | Samples of PM2.5 were collected from an urban area close to a national highway in Agra, India and sequentially extracted into four different fractions: water soluble (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3) and residual fraction (F4) for chemical fractionation of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy in each fraction. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 93 ± 24 μg m−3.The total concentrations of Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, As and Cd in fine particle were 192 ± 54, 128 ± 25, 108 ± 34, 36 ± 6, 35 ± 5 and 8 ± 2 ng m−3, respectively. Results indicated that Cd and Co had the most bioavailability indexes. Risk Assessment Code and contamination factors were calculated to assess the environmental risk. The present study evaluated the potential Pb hazard to young children using the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model. From the model, the probability density of PbB (blood lead level) revealed that at the prevailing atmospheric concentration, 0.302 children are expected to have PbB concentrations exceeding 10 μg dL−1 and an estimated IQ (intelligence quotient) loss of 1.8 points. The predicted blood Pb levels belong to Group 3 (PbB |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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