l -α-Phosphatidylglycerol Chlorohydrins as Potential Biomarkers for Chlorine Gas Exposure
| Autor: | Petrus Hemström, Andreas Larsson, Crister Åstot, Linda Elfsmark |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Phosphatidylglycerol Chlorohydrins Chromatography Isotope medicine.diagnostic_test chemistry.chemical_element Poison control Analytical Chemistry Toxicology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine Bronchoalveolar lavage 030228 respiratory system chemistry Potential biomarkers polycyclic compounds Chlorine medicine Chlorine gas |
| Zdroj: | Analytical Chemistry. 88:9972-9979 |
| ISSN: | 1520-6882 0003-2700 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01896 |
| Popis: | Chlorine is a widely available toxic chemical that has been repeatedly used in armed conflict globally. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) have on numerous occasions found "compelling confirmation" that chlorine gas has been used against civilians in northern Syria. However, currently, there are no analytical methods available to unambiguously prove chlorine gas exposure. In this study, we describe the screening for chlorinated biomolecules by the use of mass isotope ratio filters followed by the identification of two biomarkers present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from chlorine gas exposed mice. The relevance of these markers for human exposure was verified by their presence in in vitro chlorinated human BALF. The biomarkers were detectable for 72 h after exposure and were absent in nonexposed control animals. Furthermore, the biomarkers were not detected in humans diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases. The potential chlorine specific markers were all chlorohydrins of unsaturated pulmonary surfactant phospholipids; phosphatidylglycerols, and phosphatidylcholines. Mass spectrometry fragmentation characteristics were favorable for the phosphatidylglycerol chlorohydrins, and they were therefore proposed as the best biomarker candidates. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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