Single- and Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity Studies of Citicoline Free-Base (Choline Cytidine 5′-Pyrophosphate) in Sprague-Dawley Rats
| Autor: | Z. Szücs, T. Varga, Amy E. Clewell, Róbert Glávits, I. Financsek, S. C. Parent, Alexander G. Schauss, S. Somfai-Relle, John R. Endres |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Cytidine Diphosphate Choline Time Factors Administration Oral chemistry.chemical_element Calcium Kidney Toxicology Pyrophosphate Median lethal dose Lethal Dose 50 Rats Sprague-Dawley chemistry.chemical_compound Internal medicine White blood cell medicine Animals Choline Blood urea nitrogen Nootropic Agents Creatinine Calcinosis Organ Size Blood Cell Count Rats Urodynamics Kidney Tubules medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology chemistry Female Kidney Diseases Blood Chemical Analysis Citicoline medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Toxicology. 28:479-487 |
| ISSN: | 1092-874X 1091-5818 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/1091581809349452 |
| Popis: | The dietary supplement Citicoline free-base (choline cytidine 5′-pyrophosphate) was toxicologically evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats using oral gavage. In an acute 14-day study, 2000 mg/kg was well tolerated. In a 90-day study, 100, 350, and 1000 mg/kg/day doses resulted in no mortality. In males, slight significant increases in serum creatinine (350 and 1000 mg/kg/day), and decreases in urine volume (all treated groups) were observed. In females, slight significant increases in total white blood cell and absolute lymphocyte counts (1000 mg/kg/day), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (100 and 350, but not 1000 mg/kg/day) were noted. A dose-related increase in renal tubular mineralization, without degenerative or inflammatory reaction, was found in females (all treated groups) and two males (1000 mg/kg/day). Renal mineralization in rats (especially females) is influenced by calcium:phosphorus ratios in the diet. A high level of citicoline consumption resulted in increased phosphorus intake in the rats, and likely explains this result. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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