Rural-Urban Residence and Stage at Breast Cancer Diagnosis Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative

Autor: Michele L. Cote, Faheemah N. Mustafaa, Michael S. Simon, Jason Booza, Amy Lehman, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Eric A. Whitsel, Molly E Roseland
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Gerontology
Rural Population
rural–urban
Aging
Urban Population
social strain and support
Breast Neoplasms
Rural Health
stage at breast cancer diagnosis
Medical and Health Sciences
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Breast cancer
Residence Characteristics
Clinical Research
Breast Cancer
Behavioral and Social Science
Odds Ratio
Medicine
Humans
Mass Screening
Stage (cooking)
Neoplasm Staging
Aged
Cancer
030505 public health
Postmenopausal women
postmenopausal
business.industry
Women's Health Initiative
Prevention
Age Factors
General Medicine
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
rural-urban
United States
Postmenopause
Logistic Models
Socioeconomic Factors
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Special Section: Cancer in Women
Residence
Female
Public Health
0305 other medical science
business
Zdroj: Journal of women's health (2002), vol 28, iss 2
Popis: Background: Although social exposures have complex and dynamic relationships and interactions, the existing literature on the impact of rural–urban residence on stage at breast cancer diagnosis does not examine heterogeneity of effect. We examined the joint effect of social support, social relationship strain, and rural–urban residence on stage at breast cancer diagnosis. Methods: Using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (n = 161,808), we describe the distribution of social, behavioral, and clinical factors by rural–urban residence among postmenopausal women with incident breast cancer (n = 7,120). We used rural–urban commuting area (RUCA) codes to categorize baseline residential addresses as urban, large rural city/town, or small rural town, and the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results staging system to categorize breast cancer stage at diagnosis (dichotomized as early or late). We then used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the relationship between rural–urban residence and stage at breast cancer diagnosis. We included separate interaction terms between rural–urban residence and social strain and social support to test for statistical interaction. Results: Of the social, behavioral, and clinical factors we examined, only younger age at WHI enrollment screening was significantly associated with late stage at breast cancer diagnosis (p = 0.003). Contrary to our hypothesis, rural–urban residence was not significantly associated with stage at breast cancer diagnosis among postmenopausal women ([adjusted OR, 95% CI] for urban compared with small town: 1.08 [0.76–1.53]; large town compared with small town: 1.16 [0.74–1.84]; and urban compared with large town: 0.93 [0.68–1.26]).The associations did not vary by social support or social strain (p for interaction between RUCA and social strain and social support, respectively: 0.99 and 0.17). Conclusions: Future studies should examine other potential effect modifiers to identify novel factors predictive or protective for late stage at breast cancer diagnosis associated with rural–urban residence.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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