Assessment of Antibiotic Levels, Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Genetic Biomarkers in the Waters of the Rio Grande River Between the United States-Mexico Border
Autor: | Delfina C. Dominguez, Daniella Sahagun, Stephanie Gutierrez, Maria D. Fuentes, Maria E. Alvarez, Stephanie L. Bauer, Cameron C. Ellis, José Luis Graña Gómez, José Luis Zambrano Mendoza, Jonathan Blattner, Wen Yee Lee |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Multi drug resistant bacteria
medicine.drug_class Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Antibiotics antibiotics lcsh:TD1-1066 Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Antibiotic resistance medicine 14. Life underwater antimicrobial resistance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering 030304 developmental biology 2. Zero hunger 0303 health sciences biology 030306 microbiology Research Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health mobile genetic elements 15. Life on land biology.organism_classification Antimicrobial Pollution 6. Clean water 3. Good health 13. Climate action Horizontal gene transfer horizontal gene transfer Antibiotic levels integrons Rio Grande River Mobile genetic elements Bacteria |
Zdroj: | Journal of Health and Pollution, Vol 9, Iss 23, Pp 1-13 (2019) Journal of Health & Pollution |
ISSN: | 2156-9614 |
Popis: | Background. The worldwide emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has become a health crisis, as fewer or sometimes no antimicrobial agents are effective against these bacteria. The Rio Grande River is the natural boundary between the United States (US) and Mexico. It spans a border region between Texas, New Mexico and Mexico. Underserved populations on the Mexican side use the river for recreational purposes, while on the US side, the river is used for irrigation and as a source of drinking water. Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of antibiotic residues, to determine the presence of genetic elements conferring antibiotic resistance and to characterize multi-drug resistant bacteria in the waters of the Rio Grande River. Methods. Water samples were obtained from the Rio Grande River. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from both isolated bacteria and directly from the water. Amplification of selected genetic elements was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction. Identification and isolation of bacteria was performed through MicroScan autoSCAN-4. Fecal contamination was assessed by IDEXX Colilert. Antibiotic residues were determined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results. Antibiotics were found in 92% of both water and sediment samples. Antibiotic concentrations ranged from 0.38 ng/L - 742.73 ng/L and 0.39 ng/l - 66.3 ng/g dry weight in water and sediment samples, respectively. Genetic elements conferring resistance were recovered from all collection sites. Of the isolated bacteria, 91 (64.08%) were resistant to at least two synergistic antibiotic combinations and 11 (14.79%) were found to be resistant to 20 or more individual antibiotics. Fecal contamination was higher during the months of April and July. Conclusions. The 26 km segment of the Rio Grande River from Sunland Park NM to El Paso, TX and Juarez, Mexico is an area of concern due to poor water quality. The presence of multidrug resistant bacteria, antibiotics and mobile genetic elements may be a health hazard for the surrounding populations of this binational border region. Policies need to be developed for the appropriate management of the environmental natural resources in this border region. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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