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Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka,1,2 Afifah Izzati,3 Siti Rafa Amirah,3 Luqman Abdan Syakuran4 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 3Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 4Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Grendeng Purwokerto, 53122, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62-22-84288812, Email dian.pitaloka@unpad.ac.idBackground: A prophylactic and immunotherapeutic vaccine for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection needs to be developed for a proactive and effective therapeutic approach. Therefore, this study aims to use immunoinformatics to design a multi-epitope vaccine for protection against MTB and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection.Methods: The bioinformatic techniques were used to screen and construct potential epitopes from outer membrane protein A Rv0899 of MTB and spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 for B and T cells. The antigenicity, allergenicity, and several physiochemical properties of the developed multi-epitope vaccination were then evaluated. Additionally, molecular docking and normal mode analysis (NMA) were utilized in evaluating the vaccineâs immunogenicity and complex stability.Results: Selected proteins and predicted epitopes suggest that the vaccine prediction can be helpful in the protection against both SARS-CoV-2 and MTB coinfection. Through docking molecular and NMA, the vaccine-TLR4 protein interaction was predicted to be efficient with a high level of IgG, T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells, andIFN-γ.Conclusion: This epitope-based vaccine is a potentially attractive tool for SARS-CoV-2 and MTB coinfection vaccine development.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, multi-epitope vaccine, docking simulation |
