Normotension, Prehypertension, and Hypertension in Urban Middle-Class Subjects in India: Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control
Autor: | Vijay Achari, Arvind Gupta, Tulika Goswami Mahanta, Bal Kishan Gupta, Anil Bhansali, Prakash Deedwania, Soneil Guptha, Sunil Gupta, Mallikarjuna V Jali, Arthur J Asirvatham, Banshi Saboo, Jitendra Singh, Krishna Kumar Sharma, Anuj Maheshwari, Rajeev Gupta |
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Rok vydání: | 2012 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Male Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice medicine.medical_specialty Urban Population Hypercholesterolemia India Blood Pressure Logistic regression Prehypertension Risk Factors Diabetes mellitus Internal medicine Prevalence Internal Medicine Humans Medicine Aged Metabolic Syndrome business.industry Smoking Odds ratio Middle Aged medicine.disease Dietary Fats Obesity Blood pressure Social Class Hypertension Physical therapy Population study Female Metabolic syndrome business |
Zdroj: | American Journal of Hypertension. 26:83-94 |
ISSN: | 1941-7225 0895-7061 |
Popis: | OBJECTIVE: We conducted a multisite study to determine the prevalence and determinants of normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension, and awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among urban middle-class subjects in India. METHODS: We evaluated 6,106 middle-class urban subjects (men 3,371; women, 2,735; response rate, 62%) in 11 cities for sociodemographic and biological factors. The subjects were classified as having normotension (BP < 120/80), prehypertension (BP 120-139/80-89), and hypertension (documented or BP ≥ 140/90). The prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors was determined and associations evaluated through logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalences in men and women of normotension were 26.7% and 39.1%, of prehypertension 40.2% and 30.1%, and of hypertension 32.5% and 30.4%, respectively. The prevalence of normotension declined with age whereas that of hypertension increased (P-trend < 0.01). A significant association of normotension was found with younger age, low dietary fat intake, lower use of tobacco, and low obesity (P < 0.05). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome was higher in the groups with prehypertension and hypertension than in the group with normotension (age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) 2.0-5.0, P < 0.001). The prevalences in men and women, respectively, of two or more risk factors were 11.1% and 6.4% in the group with normotension, 25.1% and 23.3% in the group with prehypertension, and 38.3% and 39.1% in the group with hypertension (P < 0.01). Awareness of hypertension in the study population was in 55.3%; 36.5% of the hypertensive group were receiving treatment for hypertension, and 28.2% of this group had a controlled BP (< 140/90 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS: The study found a low prevalence of normotension and high prevalence of hypertension in middle-class urban Asian Indians. Significant associations of hypertension were found with age, dietary fat, consumption of fruits and vegetables, smoking, and obesity. Normotensive individuals had a lower prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors than did members of the prehypertensive or hypertensive groups. Half of the hypertensive group were aware of having hypertension, a third were receiving treatment for it, and quarter had a controlled BP. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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