Diagnostic Approaches for COVID-19 and Its Associated Complications
| Autor: | Grant Cooper, Ivan E. Wang, Shaker A. Mousa |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Medicine (General) Pneumonia severity index Clinical Biochemistry Review COVID-19 and complications law.invention R5-920 law COVID-19 sampling and testing Internal medicine medicine Coagulopathy biology business.industry SARS-CoV-2 infection Acute kidney injury Factor V Gold standard (test) medicine.disease CRIPSR technology in COVID-19 diagnosis Intensive care unit biology.protein Sputum medicine.symptom Cytokine storm business |
| Zdroj: | Diagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 2071, p 2071 (2021) Diagnostics |
| ISSN: | 2075-4418 |
| Popis: | With almost 4 million deaths worldwide from the COVID-19 pandemic, the efficient and accurate diagnosis and identification of COVID-19-related complications are more important than ever. Scales such as the pneumonia severity index, or CURB-65, help doctors determine who should be admitted to the hospital or the intensive care unit. To properly treat and manage admitted patients, standardized sampling protocols and methods are required for COVID-19 patients. Using PubMed, relevant articles since March 2020 on COVID-19 diagnosis and its complications were analyzed. Patients with COVID-19 had elevated D-dimer, thrombomodulin, and initial factor V elevation followed by decreased factor V and factor VII and elevated IL-6, lactate dehydrogenase, and c-reactive protein, which indicated coagulopathy and possible cytokine storm. Patients with hypertension, newly diagnosed diabetes, obesity, or advanced age were at increased risk for mortality. Elevated BUN, AST, and ALT in severe COVID-19 patients was associated with acute kidney injury or other organ damage. The gold standard for screening COVID-19 is reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using sputum, oropharyngeal, or nasopharyngeal routes. However, due to the low turnover rate and limited testing capacity of RT-PCR, alternative diagnostic tools such as CT-scan and serological testing (IgM and IgG) can be considered in conjunction with symptom monitoring. Advancements in CRISPR technology have also allowed the use of alternative COVID-19 testing, but unfortunately, these technologies are still under FDA review and cannot be used in patients. Nonetheless, increased turnover rates and testing capacity allow for a bright future in COVID-19 diagnosis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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