ECOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS, WEST NILE VIRUS, AND AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS INFECTION AND ANTIBODY STATUS IN BLUE-WINGED TEAL (ANAS DISCORS) IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES
| Autor: | Catherine Soos, John Pasick, Frederick A. Leighton, Yohannes Berhane, Zsuzsanna Papp, Tasha Epp, Rodolfo Nallar, Robbin Lindsay |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Anas Male Range (biology) animal diseases Newcastle Disease Population Newcastle disease virus medicine.disease_cause Antibodies Viral Population density Models Biological Alberta 03 medical and health sciences Risk Factors medicine Waterfowl Prevalence Animals education Ponds Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics education.field_of_study Ecology biology Transmission (medicine) Host (biology) Bird Diseases virus diseases Manitoba biology.organism_classification Orthomyxoviridae Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Saskatchewan 030104 developmental biology Ducks Influenza in Birds Linear Models Female West Nile virus West Nile Fever |
| Zdroj: | Journal of wildlife diseases. 52(1) |
| ISSN: | 1943-3700 |
| Popis: | The Canadian prairies are one of the most important breeding and staging areas for migratory waterfowl in North America. Hundreds of thousands of waterfowl of numerous species from multiple flyways converge in and disperse from this region annually; therefore this region may be a key area for potential intra- and interspecific spread of infectious pathogens among migratory waterfowl in the Americas. Using Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors, BWTE), which have the most extensive migratory range among waterfowl species, we investigated ecologic risk factors for infection and antibody status to avian influenza virus (AIV), West Nile virus (WNV), and avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) in the three prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) prior to fall migration. We used generalized linear models to examine infection or evidence of exposure in relation to host (age, sex, body condition, exposure to other infections), spatiotemporal (year, province), population-level (local population densities of BWTE, total waterfowl densities), and environmental (local pond densities) factors. The probability of AIV infection in BWTE was associated with host factors (e.g., age and antibody status), population-level factors (e.g., local BWTE population density), and year. An interaction between age and AIV antibody status showed that hatch year birds with antibodies to AIV were more likely to be infected, suggesting an antibody response to an active infection. Infection with AIV was positively associated with local BWTE density, supporting the hypothesis of density-dependent transmission. The presence of antibodies to WNV and APMV-1 was positively associated with age and varied among years. Furthermore, the probability of being WNV antibody positive was positively associated with pond density rather than host population density, likely because ponds provide suitable breeding habitat for mosquitoes, the primary vectors for transmission. Our findings highlight the importance of spatiotemporal, environmental, and host factors at the individual and population levels, all of which may influence dynamics of these and other viruses in wild waterfowl populations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|