Antagonistic Coevolution of MER Tyrosine Kinase Expression and Function
| Autor: | Stephen D. Barr, Bryan Heit, Jimmy D. Dikeakos, Angela Kipp, Amanda L. Evans, Nina R Hunt, Brennan S. Dirk, Jack W. D. Blackburn, Kyle Taruc |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Primates
0301 basic medicine Signal peptide Apoptosis Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Receptor tyrosine kinase Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences Cell Movement Proto-Oncogene Proteins Genetics Animals Homeostasis Humans Receptor Molecular Biology Discoveries Phylogeny Silent Mutation Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Base Sequence c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology biology Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Protein-Tyrosine Kinases MERTK Entry into host Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3. Good health Cell biology Transmembrane domain 030104 developmental biology biology.protein Tyrosine kinase Signal Transduction TYRO3 |
| Zdroj: | Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34:1613-1628 |
| ISSN: | 1537-1719 0737-4038 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/molbev/msx102 |
| Popis: | TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) receptors are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that maintain homeostasis through the clearance of apoptotic cells, and when defective, contribute to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease. In addition, certain enveloped viruses utilize TAM receptors for immune evasion and entry into host cells, with several viruses preferentially hijacking MERTK for these purposes. Despite the biological importance of TAM receptors, little is understood of their recent evolution and its impact on their function. Using evolutionary analysis of primate TAM receptor sequences, we identified strong, recent positive selection in MERTK's signal peptide and transmembrane domain that was absent from TYRO3 and AXL. Reconstruction of hominid and primate ancestral MERTK sequences revealed three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human MERTK signal peptide, with a G14C mutation resulting in a predicted non-B DNA cruciform motif, producing a significant decrease in MERTK expression with no significant effect on MERTK trafficking or half-life. Reconstruction of MERTK's transmembrane domain identified three amino acid substitutions and four amino acid insertions in humans, which led to significantly higher levels of self-clustering through the creation of a new interaction motif. This clustering counteracted the effect of the signal peptide mutations through enhancing MERTK avidity, whereas the lower MERTK expression led to reduced binding of Ebola virus-like particles. The decreased MERTK expression counterbalanced by increased avidity is consistent with antagonistic coevolution to evade viral hijacking of MERTK. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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