Diabetes mellitus and sperm parameters
| Autor: | Enzo Vicari, Sandro La Vignera, Rosita A. Condorelli, Aldo E. Calogero, Rosario D'Agata |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Diabetic neuropathy Urology Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Semen analysis Biology medicine.disease_cause Diabetes mellitus Infertility Male/etiology Diabetes Complications/etiology Diabetes Complications Semen quality Endocrinology Insulin resistance Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Infertility Male Male/etiology medicine.diagnostic_test urogenital system medicine.disease Sperm Spermatozoa Fertility Reproductive Medicine Infertility Spermatogenesis Oxidative stress |
| Zdroj: | Journal of andrology. 33(2) |
| ISSN: | 1939-4640 |
| Popis: | Because of the paucity of studies and inconsistencies regarding the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on semen quality, this disease is seldom looked for in the infertile patient. Recently, this view has been challenged by findings showing that DM induces subtle molecular changes that are important for sperm quality and function. This brief review shows the main sperm parameters in patients with DM and presents the mechanisms hypothesized to explain the changes observed in these patients. The data available suggest that DM alters conventional sperm parameters. In addition, DM causes histologic damage of the epididymis, with a negative impact on sperm transit. Various mechanisms may explain the sperm damage observed in patients with DM. These include endocrine disorders, neuropathy, and increased oxidative stress. Many authors suggest that DM decreases serum testosterone levels. This is associated with a steroidogenetic defect in Leydig cells. In addition, diabetic neuropathy seems to cause atonia of seminal vesicles, bladder, and urethra. Furthermore, DM is associated with an increased oxidative stress, which damages sperm nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Finally, spermatogenesis derangement and germ cell apoptosis in type 1 DM may relate to a local autoimmune damage, whereas insulin resistance, obesity, and other related comorbidities may impair sperm parameters and decrease testosterone serum levels in patients with type 2 DM. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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