Logistics Workers Are a Key Factor for SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Brazilian Small Towns: Case-Control Study
| Autor: | Unaí Tupinambás, Bruno Lourençoni Freitas, Daiana Carolina Godoy, Carolina Ali Santos, Alexandre Barbosa Reis, Fernando De Carvalho Bottega, Daniela Leite Garcia Silva, Raimundo Marques do Nascimento Neto, Raiza Aranha Nascimento, Saulo Ricardo Costa Júnior, Breno Bernardes-Souza, Wendel Coura-Vital, Titus J. Brinker |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Adolescent Secondary infection Population Transportation Health Informatics Logistic regression Young Adult Communicable Diseases Imported Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Environmental health Humans Seroprevalence Cities Occupations Child education Index case Family Characteristics education.field_of_study Risk of infection Infant Newborn Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health COVID-19 Infant Odds ratio Middle Aged Geography Case-Control Studies Child Preschool Female Residence Brazil |
| Zdroj: | JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 7:e30406 |
| ISSN: | 2369-2960 |
| DOI: | 10.2196/30406 |
| Popis: | Background Data on how SARS-CoV-2 enters and spreads in a population are essential for guiding public policies. Objective This study seeks to understand the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in small Brazilian towns during the early phase of the epidemic and to identify core groups that can serve as the initial source of infection as well as factors associated with a higher risk of COVID-19. Methods Two population-based seroprevalence studies, one household survey, and a case-control study were conducted in two small towns in southeastern Brazil between May and June 2020. In the population-based studies, 400 people were evaluated in each town; there were 40 homes in the household survey, and 95 cases and 393 controls in the case-control study. SARS-CoV-2 serology testing was performed on participants, and a questionnaire was applied. Prevalence, household secondary infection rate, and factors associated with infection were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. Logistics worker was defined as an individual with an occupation focused on the transportation of people or goods and whose job involves traveling outside the town of residence at least once a week. Results Higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the town with a greater proportion of logistics workers. The secondary household infection rate was 49.1% (55/112), and it was observed that in most households (28/40, 70%) the index case was a logistics worker. The case-control study revealed that being a logistics worker (OR 18.0, 95% CI 8.4-38.7) or living with one (OR 6.9, 95% CI 3.3-14.5) increases the risk of infection. In addition, having close contact with a confirmed case (OR 13.4, 95% CI 6.6-27.3) and living with more than four people (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-7.1) were also risk factors. Conclusions Our study shows a strong association between logistics workers and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlights the key role of these workers in the viral spread in small towns. These findings indicate the need to focus on this population to determine COVID-19 prevention and control strategies, including vaccination and sentinel genomic surveillance. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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