Red Bull Increases Heart Rate at Near Sea Level and Pulmonary Shunt Fraction at High Altitude in a Porcine Model
| Autor: | Ralf Geiger, Elisabeth Schöpf, Axel Kleinsasser, Benedikt Treml, Alexander Löckinger, Christian Niederwanger, Mirjam Bachler |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Pulmonary Circulation Swine animal diseases 030209 endocrinology & metabolism lcsh:TX341-641 Blood Pressure Performance-Enhancing Substances ventilation/perfusion distribution 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology piglets Article 03 medical and health sciences Norepinephrine 0302 clinical medicine Heart Rate Internal medicine Caffeine multiple inert gas elimination technique Heart rate medicine Animals Energy Drinks Nutrition and Dietetics Multiple inert gas elimination technique business.industry hypoxia Altitude Hypoxia (medical) Effects of high altitude on humans Blood pressure Models Animal Cardiology Breathing Pulmonary shunt Central Nervous System Stimulants medicine.symptom business Pulmonary Ventilation taurine Perfusion lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Red Bull energy drink Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Nutrients Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 1738, p 1738 (2020) Volume 12 Issue 6 |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| Popis: | Red Bull energy drink is popular among athletes, students and drivers for stimulating effects or enhancing physical performance. In previous work, Red Bull has been shown to exert manifold cardiovascular effects at rest and during exercise. Red Bull with caffeine as the main ingredient increases blood pressure in resting individuals, probably due to an increased release of (nor)-epinephrine. Red Bull has been shown to alter heart rate or leaving it unchanged. Little is known about possible effects of caffeinated energy drinks on pulmonary ventilation/perfusion distribution at sea level or at altitude. Here, we hypothesized a possible alteration of pulmonary blood flow in ambient air and in hypoxia after Red Bull consumption. We subjected eight anesthetized piglets in normoxia (FiO2 = 0.21) and in hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.13), respectively, to 10 mL/kg Red Bull ingestion. Another eight animals served as controls receiving an equivalent amount of saline. In addition to cardiovascular data, ventilation/perfusion distribution of the lung was assessed by using the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Heart rate increased in normoxic conditions but was not different from controls in acute short-term hypoxia after oral Red Bull ingestion in piglets. For the first time, we demonstrate an increased fraction of pulmonary shunt with unchanged distribution of pulmonary blood flow after Red Bull administration in acute short-term hypoxia. In summary, these findings do not oppose moderate consumption of caffeinated energy drinks even at altitude at rest and during exercise. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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