The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
| Autor: | Xiaoling Zheng, Jie Li, Yuling He, Wei Huang, Changxuan Liu, Zhiqing Tang, Li Yan, Li Wang, Guoguo Zhu, Lang Chen, Ru Yang, Li Li, Jinquan Tan, Ruijing Xiao |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
ssRNA
single-stranded RNA tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA Nucleolus viruses FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization QD quantum dot Vacuole Biochemistry HeLa Tobacco mosaic virus Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP GFP green fluorescent protein TMV tobacco mosaic virus biology CTAB-QD cetyltrimethylammonium bromide modified QD Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Cell biology Tobacco Mosaic Virus coat protein Host-Pathogen Interactions RNA Viral PERK PKR (double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase)-like ER kinase IRE1 inositol-requiring protein-1 autophagy S1 ERS ER stress UPR unfold protein response Biophysics Virus ER endoplasmic reticulum Plant virus transmission electron microscopy ATF6 activating transcription factor-6 Humans IF immunofluorescence MP movement protein SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome H. P. T. hours post-transfection TEM transmission electron microscopy fluorescence in situ hybridization Molecular Biology Original Paper EM electron microscopy BiP immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein Endoplasmic reticulum fungi Cell Biology LC3 light chain protein 3 CP coat protein GRP78 glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa biology.organism_classification Virology TLR7 Toll-like receptor 7 siRNA small interfering RNA Unfolded protein response 3-MA 3-methyladenine DAPI 4′ 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole HeLa Cells |
| Zdroj: | Bioscience Reports |
| ISSN: | 1573-4935 0144-8463 |
| DOI: | 10.1042/bsr20110069 |
| Popis: | The ability of human cells to defend against viruses originating from distant species has long been ignored. Owing to the pressure of natural evolution and human exploration, some of these viruses may be able to invade human beings. If their ‘fresh’ host had no defences, the viruses could cause a serious pandemic, as seen with HIV, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and avian influenza virus that originated from chimpanzees, the common palm civet and birds, respectively. It is unknown whether the human immune system could tolerate invasion with a plant virus. To model such an alien virus invasion, we chose TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) and used human epithelial carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) as its ‘fresh’ host. We established a reliable system for transfecting TMV-RNA into HeLa cells and found that TMV-RNA triggered autophagy in HeLa cells as shown by the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, the conversion of LC3-I (light chain protein 3-I) to LC3-II, the up-regulated expression of Beclin1 and the accumulation of TMV protein on autophagosomal membranes. We observed suspected TMV virions in HeLa cells by TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Furthermore, we found that TMV-RNA was translated into CP (coat protein) in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and that TMV-positive RNA translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus. Finally, we detected greatly increased expression of GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), a typical marker of ERS (ER stress) and found that the formation of autophagosomes was closely related to the expanded ER membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that HeLa cells used ERS and ERS-related autophagy to defend against TMV-RNA. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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