Effects of chronic exposure to cadmium and temperature, alone or combined, on the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Interest of digestive enzymes as biomarkers

Autor: Laurence Delahaut, Véronique Gaillet, Alain Geffard, Olivier Palluel, Anne Bado-Nilles, Cyril Turies, Younes Mohamed Ismail Hani, Jean-Marc Porcher, Odile Dedourge-Geffard
Přispěvatelé: Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
chemistry.chemical_element
Aquatic biomonitoring
Gasterosteus
010501 environmental sciences
Aquatic Science
01 natural sciences
Antioxidants
Superoxide dismutase
chemistry.chemical_compound
Digestive enzymes
Animal science
Animals
Trypsin
Amylase
Gasterosteus aculeatus
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Cadmium
biology
Glycogen
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
Temperature
Stickleback
Cadmium stress
Environmental Exposure
Energy metabolism
Alkaline Phosphatase
biology.organism_classification
Smegmamorpha
Enzymes
Oxidative Stress
Gonadosomatic Index
chemistry
Amylases
Temperature stress
biology.protein
Digestion
Antioxidant parameters
Biomarkers
Water Pollutants
Chemical
Environmental Monitoring
Zdroj: Aquatic Toxicology
Aquatic Toxicology, Elsevier, 2018, 199, pp.252-262. ⟨10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.006⟩
ISSN: 0166-445X
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.006
Popis: International audience; The development of predictive, sensitive and reliable biomarkers is of crucial importance for aquatic biomonitoring to assess the effects of chemical substances on aquatic organisms, especially when it comes to combined effects with other stressors (e.g. temperature). The first purpose of the present study was to evaluate the single and combined effects of 90 days of exposure to an environmental cadmium concentration (0.5 μg. L−1) and two water temperatures (16 and 21 °C) on different parameters. These parameters are involved in (i) the antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase activity –SOD– and total glutathione levels –GSH–), (ii) the energy metabolism, i.e. energy reserves (glycogen, lipids, proteins) and digestive enzymes (trypsin, amylase, intestinal alkaline phosphatase–IAP–), and (iii) biometric parameters (weight, length, Fulton’s condition factor, and the gonadosomatic index –GSI–) of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The second purpose was to determine the interest of the three digestive enzymes as biomarkers in comparison with the other parameters. The higher temperature (21 °C) impacted the anti-oxidant and energy reserve parameters. In liver, GSH levels increased on day 60, while SOD decreased on days 15 and 90, with a significant decrease of protein and lipid energy reserves on day 90. In muscle, the higher temperature decreased SOD activity only on day 90. G. aculeatus biometric parameters were also impacted by the higher temperature, which limited stickleback growth after 90 days of exposure. In female sticklebacks, the GSI peaked on day 60 and decreased sharply on day 90, while the highest values were reached at day 90 in the control groups, suggesting impaired reproduction in sticklebacks raised at 21 °C. These results suggest that 21 °C is an upper-limit temperature for long-term physiological processes in sticklebacks. In contrast, very low-concentration cadmium exposure had no effect on classical biomarkers (energy reserves, antioxidant parameters, biometric parameters). However, digestive enzymes showed an interesting sensitivity to cadmium, which was emphasized by high temperature. The activity of the three digestive enzymes decreased significantly on day 90 when sticklebacks were exposed to cadmium alone, while the decrease was stronger and was recorded earlier (from day 15) when they were exposed to the cadmium-temperature combination. Compared to conventional measurements, digestive enzymes responded rapidly. This could be an important advantage for them to be used as early warning tools to reflect the health status of organisms, particularly for trypsin and IAP activities.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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