Preclinical models for obesity research
Autor: | Julian G. Mercer, Perry Barrett, Peter J. Morgan |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Biomedical Research Appetite control Binge eating Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Medicine (miscellaneous) lcsh:Medicine Review General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Translational Research Biomedical 03 medical and health sciences Preclinical research Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous) medicine lcsh:Pathology Animals Humans Obesity Human obesity 2. Zero hunger Models Genetic business.industry lcsh:R medicine.disease Diet 3. Good health Biotechnology Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology Epigenetics Psychology business Neuroscience Transgenics lcsh:RB1-214 |
Zdroj: | Disease Models & Mechanisms, Vol 9, Iss 11, Pp 1245-1255 (2016) Disease Models & Mechanisms |
ISSN: | 1754-8411 1754-8403 |
Popis: | A multi-dimensional strategy to tackle the global obesity epidemic requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this complex condition. Much of the current mechanistic knowledge has arisen from preclinical research performed mostly, but not exclusively, in laboratory mouse and rat strains. These experimental models mimic certain aspects of the human condition and its root causes, particularly the over-consumption of calories and unbalanced diets. As with human obesity, obesity in rodents is the result of complex gene–environment interactions. Here, we review the traditional monogenic models of obesity, their contemporary optogenetic and chemogenetic successors, and the use of dietary manipulations and meal-feeding regimes to recapitulate the complexity of human obesity. We critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of these different models to explore the underlying mechanisms, including the neural circuits that drive behaviours such as appetite control. We also discuss the use of these models for testing and screening anti-obesity drugs, beneficial bio-actives, and nutritional strategies, with the goal of ultimately translating these findings for the treatment of human obesity. Summary: We review genetic models of obesity, their optogenetic and chemogenetic successors, and the use of dietary manipulations and meal-feeding regimes. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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