Developmental microglial priming in postmortem autism spectrum disorder temporal cortex
| Autor: | Andrew S. Lee, Patricia M. Whitaker-Azmitia, Efrain C. Azmitia |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Adult Male Postmortem studies Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder Immunology Central nervous system Biology White matter 03 medical and health sciences Behavioral Neuroscience Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine mental disorders medicine Humans Child Neuroinflammation Temporal cortex Microglia Endocrine and Autonomic Systems medicine.disease Temporal Lobe 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Autism spectrum disorder Child Preschool Synaptic plasticity Female Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Brain, Behavior, and Immunity |
| ISSN: | 1090-2139 |
| Popis: | Microglia can shift into different complex morphologies depending on the microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). The distinct morphologies correlate with specific functions and can indicate the pathophysiological state of the CNS. Previous postmortem studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed neuroinflammation in ASD indicated by increased microglial density. These changes in the microglia density can be accompanied by changes in microglia phenotype but the individual contribution of different microglia phenotypes to the pathophysiology of ASD remains unclear. Here, we used an unbiased stereological approach to quantify six structurally and functionally distinct microglia phenotypes in postmortem human temporal cortex, which were immuno-stained with Iba1. The total density of all microglia phenotypes did not differ between ASD donors and typically developing individual donors. However, there was a significant decrease in ramified microglia in both gray matter and white matter of ASD, and a significant increase in primed microglia in gray matter of ASD compared to typically developing individuals. This increase in primed microglia showed a positive correlation with donor age in both gray matter and white of ASD, but not in typically developing individuals. Our results provide evidence of a shift in microglial phenotype that may indicate impaired synaptic plasticity and a chronic vulnerability to exaggerated immune responses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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