The biology of the extracorporeal vasculature of Botryllus schlosseri
| Autor: | Anthony W. De Tomaso, Shane Nourizadeh, Delany Rodriguez |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Parabiosis
Angiogenesis Neovascularization Physiologic Botryllus schlosseri Biology Extracellular matrix 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Animals Regeneration Urochordata Molecular Biology Vascular tissue 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Botryllus Cell Biology biology.organism_classification Cell biology medicine.anatomical_structure Ampullae of Lorenzini Blood Vessels Basal lamina 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Developmental biology. 448(2) |
| ISSN: | 1095-564X |
| Popis: | The extracorporeal vasculature of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri plays a key role in several biological processes: transporting blood, angiogenesis, regeneration, self-nonself recognition, and parabiosis. The vasculature also interconnects all individuals in a colony and is composed of a single layer of ectodermally-derived cells. These cells form a tube with the basal lamina facing the lumen, and the apical side facing an extracellular matrix that consists of cellulose and other proteins, known as the tunic. Vascular tissue is transparent and can cover several square centimeters, which is much larger than any single individual within the colony. It forms a network that ramifies and expands to the perimeter of each colony and terminates into oval-shaped protrusions known as ampullae. Botryllus individuals replace themselves through a weekly budding cycle, and vasculature is added to ensure the interconnection of each new individual, thus there is continuous angiogenesis occurring naturally. The vascular tissue itself is highly regenerative; surgical removal of the ampullae and peripheral vasculature triggers regrowth within 24–48 h, which includes forming new ampullae. When two individuals, whether in the wild or in the lab, come into close contact and their ampullae touch, they can either undergo parabiosis through anastomosing vessels, or reject vascular fusion. The vasculature is easily manipulated by direct means such as microinjections, microsurgeries, and pharmacological reagents. Its transparent nature allows for in vivo analysis by bright field and fluorescence microscopy. Here we review the techniques and approaches developed to study the different biological processes that involve the extracorporeal vasculature. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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