Operational implementation and evaluation of a blowing snow scheme for avalanche hazard forecasting
| Autor: | Matthieu Lafaysse, Gilbert Guyomarc'h, Gérald Giraud, Yannick Deliot, Vincent Vionnet, Florence Naaim-Bouvet |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Meteorology 0208 environmental biotechnology Terrain 02 engineering and technology 01 natural sciences Wind speed [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] Mountains Threshold velocity Blowing snow [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment 0105 earth and related environmental sciences [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Avalanche hazard Elevation Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Snow 020801 environmental engineering [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] 13. Climate action [SDE]Environmental Sciences General Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental science Intensity (heat transfer) Avalanche hazard forecasting |
| Zdroj: | Cold Regions Science and Technology Cold Regions Science and Technology, Elsevier, 2018, 147, pp.1-10 Cold Regions Science and Technology, Elsevier, 2018, 147, pp.1-10. ⟨10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.12.006⟩ |
| ISSN: | 0165-232X |
| Popis: | International audience; In alpine terrain, blowing snow events strongly affect the local evolution of the avalanche danger and must be taken into account by avalanche hazard forecasters. This study presents the implementation and the evaluation of the blowing snow scheme Sytron into the operational chain for avalanche hazard forecasting (named S2M) used in the main French mountain ranges. S2M-Sytron provides information on blowing snow occurrence and intensity per 300-m elevation bands and aspects for several regions of the French mountains. The wind forcing is provided by the meteorological analysis system SAFRAN. S2M-Sytron was evaluated for winter 2015/16 at 11 automatic stations measuring wind speed and blowing snow fluxes in the French Alps. The system detects 55% of blowing snow days with less than 10% of false alarms. S2M-Sytron captures the occurrence of blowing snow events with and without concurrent snowfall. Improvements are obtained when considering an updated parameterization for the properties of falling snow which reduces the threshold velocity for freshly fallen snow. Using observed wind speed instead of SAFRAN wind speed to drive Sytron shows further improvements at stations where SAFRAN wind speed differs from the observations due to local topographic features. Overall, S2M-Sytron provides a regional blowing snow assessment but cannot fully reproduce the local intensity of blowing snow events. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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