New bioassay cage methodology for in vitro studies on Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera
| Autor: | Samantha Muirhead, Rassol Bahreini, Medhat Nasr, Olivia de Herdt, David Feindel, Cassandra Docherty |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Polymers Toxicology Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 01 natural sciences Geographical locations chemistry.chemical_compound Medicine and Health Sciences Bioassay Materials Amitraz Mites Multidisciplinary Pyrethroid Organic Compounds Eukaryota Bees Insects Chemistry Macromolecules Physical Sciences Medicine Biological Assay Varroa Honey Bees Polypropylene Research Article Canada Arthropoda Toluidines Death Rates Varroidae Science Materials Science Biology Acetones 03 medical and health sciences Population Metrics Mite Animals Population Biology Toxicity Acaricide Organic Chemistry Organisms Chemical Compounds Biology and Life Sciences Honey bee Polymer Chemistry biology.organism_classification Invertebrates Hymenoptera Survival Analysis 010602 entomology 030104 developmental biology chemistry Varroa destructor North America People and places Zoology Entomology |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 4, p e0250594 (2021) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0250594 |
| Popis: | Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, is an ectoparasitic mite of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., that has been considered a major cause of colony losses. Synthetic miticides have been developed and registered to manage this ectoparasite, however, resistance to registered pyrethroid and organophosphate Varroacides have already been reported in Canada. To test toxicity of miticides, current contact-based bioassay methods are designed to evaluate mites and bees separately, however, these methods are unlikely to give an accurate depiction of how miticides interact at the colony level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a bioassay cage for testing the toxicity of miticides on honey bees and Varroa mites simultaneously using amitraz as a reference chemical. A 800 mL polypropylene plastic cage holding 100–150 bees was designed and officially named “Apiarium”. A comparison of the effects of three subsequent dilutions of amitraz was conducted on: Varroa mites placed in glass vials, honey bees in glass Mason jars, and Varroa-infested bees in Apiariums. Our results indicated cumulative Varroa mortality was dose-dependent in the Apiarium after 4 h and 24 h assessments. Apiarium and glass vial treatments at 24 h also had high mite mortality and a positive polynomial regression between Varroa mortality and amitraz dose rates. Moreover, chemical application in the Apiarium was less toxic for bees compared to the Mason jar method. Considering these results, the Apiarium bioassay provides a simple, cheap and reliable method for simultaneous chemical screening on V. destructor and A. mellifera. Furthermore, as mites and bees are tested together, the Apiarium simulates a colony-like environment that provides a necessary bridge between laboratory bioassay testing and full field experimentation. The versatility of the Apiarium allows researchers to test a multitude of different honey bee bioassay experiments including miticide screening, delivery methods for chemical products, or development of new mite resistance-testing methodology. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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