Analysis of the Crowd Evacuation Modeling Approaches for the Case of Urban Underground Spaces
| Autor: | Andreas Benardos, Despina Papakonstantinou, Anastasios Kallianiotis, Maria Menegaki |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Engineering
Process (engineering) business.industry 0211 other engineering and technologies 021107 urban & regional planning 020101 civil engineering 02 engineering and technology General Medicine Safeguarding Computer security computer.software_genre 0201 civil engineering Challenging environment Risk analysis (engineering) Crowd evacuation Emergency evacuation Urban system business computer Engineering(all) Evacuation procedure |
| Zdroj: | Procedia Engineering. 165:602-609 |
| ISSN: | 1877-7058 |
| Popis: | The growing need for more and more complicated underground urban systems has resulted to the development of a challenging environment for the setting up of effective evacuation procedure. The special circumstances and complexity, which characterize the underground spaces, as well as the severity of the consequences if an accident occurs, stimulated the research for different evacuation approaches in urban environments, in order to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation and prevent crowd casualties in potential accidents, especially in the case of fire. The paper presents the most well respected standards, guidelines and regulations enforced worldwide, aiming to preserve the safeguarding of life and property against fire, explosion, and related hazards associated with developed subterranean spaces. Moreover, the evolution of underground evacuation approaches, from prescriptive methods to contemporary performance methods is displayed, followed by the examination of the approaches in crowd evacuation practices. Finally, the paper presents and analyses the factors being taken into account for planning the evacuation process, as illustrated through cases where modeling is conducted with special software codes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|