Thalamic Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Level Changes in Major Depressive Disorder After a 12-Week Iyengar Yoga and Coherent Breathing Intervention
| Autor: | Liz Owen, Osamu Sakai, Chris C. Streeter, Marisa M. Silveri, Patricia L. Gerbarg, Richard P. Brown, Maren Nyer, Greylin H. Nielsen, Tammy M. Scott, Jennifer T. Sneider |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Anxiety Breathing Exercises gamma-Aminobutyric acid 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Thalamus Intervention (counseling) Iyengar Yoga medicine Humans Depression (differential diagnoses) Depressive symptoms gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Depressive Disorder Major business.industry Yoga Original Articles Middle Aged medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging 030205 complementary & alternative medicine Complementary and alternative medicine Breathing Physical therapy Major depressive disorder Female medicine.symptom business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | J Altern Complement Med |
| ISSN: | 1557-7708 |
| Popis: | Objective: To determine if a 12-week yoga intervention (YI) was associated with increased gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and decreased depressive symptoms in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Subjects were randomized to a high-dose group (HDG) of three YIs a week and a low-dose group (LDG) of two YIs a week. Thalamic GABA levels were obtained using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at Scan-1 before randomization. After the assigned 12-week intervention, Scan-2 was obtained, immediately followed by a YI and Scan-3. Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) scores were obtained before Scan-1 and Scan-3. Settings/Location: Screenings and interventions occurred at the Boston University Medical Center. Imaging occurred at McLean Hospital. Subjects: Subjects met criteria for MDD. Intervention: Ninety minutes of Iyengar yoga and coherent breathing at five breaths per minute plus homework. Outcome measures: GABA levels and the BDI-II. Results: BDI-II scores improved significantly in both groups. GABA levels from Scan-1 to Scan-3 and from Scan-2 to Scan-3 were significantly increased in the LDG (n = 15) and showed a trend in the total cohort. Post hoc, participants were divided into two groups based on having an increase in GABA levels at Scan-2. Increases in Scan-2 GABA levels were observed in participants whose mean time between their last YI and Scan-2 was 3.93 ± 2.92 standard deviation (SD) days, but not in those whose mean time between their last YI and Scan-2 was 7.83 ± 6.88 SD. Conclusions: This study tentatively supports the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms through which yoga improves mood is by increasing the activity of the GABA system. The observed increase in GABA levels following a YI that was no longer observed 8 days after a YI suggests that the associated increase in GABA after a YI is time limited such that at least one YI a week may be necessary to maintain the elevated GABA levels. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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