Chemical and Biological Tools for the Preparation of Modified Histone Proteins

Autor: Jennifer J. Ottesen, John C. Shimko, Ruixuan R. Yu, Cecil J. Howard, Miranda L. Gardner
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Zdroj: Topics in Current Chemistry ISBN: 9783319191881
Popis: Eukaryotic chromatin is a complex and dynamic system in which the DNA double helix is organized and protected by interactions with histone proteins. This system is regulated through, a large network of dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) exists to ensure proper gene transcription, DNA repair, and other processes involving DNA. Homogenous protein samples with precisely characterized modification sites are necessary to better understand the functions of modified histone proteins. Here, we discuss sets of chemical and biological tools that have been developed for the preparation of modified histones, with a focus on the appropriate choice of tool for a given target. We start with genetic approaches for the creation of modified histones, including the incorporation of genetic mimics of histone modifications, chemical installation of modification analogs, and the use of the expanded genetic code to incorporate modified amino acids. Additionally, we will cover the chemical ligation techniques that have been invaluable in the generation of complex modified histones that are indistinguishable from the natural counterparts. Finally, we will end with a prospectus on future directions of synthetic chromatin in living systems.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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