Thymosins in multiple sclerosis and its experimental models: moving from basic to clinical application

Autor: Elena Giacomini, Enrico Garaci, Jing Zhang, Martina Severa, Michael Chopp, Marilena P. Etna, Eliana M. Coccia, Fabiana Rizzo, Melania Cruciani
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
OPCs
oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
MBP
myelin basic protein
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
Bioinformatics
Translational Research
Biomedical
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
0302 clinical medicine
miRNA
microRNA
030212 general & internal medicine
EAE
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
biology
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Non-Steroidal
PLP
proteolipid protein peptide
OLs
oligodendrocytes
General Medicine
Thymosin-β4
Neuroprotection
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
Neuroprotective Agents
Treatment Outcome
medicine.anatomical_structure
Tα1
thymosin-α1
Neurology
Tolerability
hormones
hormone substitutes
and hormone antagonists
Encephalomyelitis
Autoimmune
Experimental
Multiple Sclerosis
Thymosin-α1
CNS
central nervous system
Article
Immunomodulation
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
medicine
Animals
Humans
Remyelination
TLR
toll-like receptor
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells
business.industry
Multiple sclerosis
Thymosin
medicine.disease
IL
interleukin
Treg
regulatory T cells
Myelin basic protein
Disease Models
Animal
MS
Multiple Sclerosis
RRMS
relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Breg
regulatory B cells
biology.protein
Neurology (clinical)
business
Tβ4
thymosin-β4
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abs
antibodies
Zdroj: Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
ISSN: 2211-0348
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.09.035
Popis: Highlights • Thymosins are thymic hormone-like peptides that can mediate immune and non-immune physiological processes. • Thymosin-α1 (Tα1) displays powerful pleiotropic activities by promoting anti-inflammatory and regulatory milieu in different settings. • Thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) provides neuroprotection, immunosuppression, and neurorestoration in the central nervous system. • This review describes what is known on the effects and the potential mechanisms of action of treatment with Tβ4 or Tα1 in Multiple Sclerosis and its experimental models.
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts more than 2.5 million individuals worldwide and this number is increasing over time. Within the past years, a great number of disease-modifying treatments have emerged; however, efficacious treatments and a cure for MS await discovery. Thymosins, soluble hormone-like peptides produced by the thymus gland, can mediate immune and non-immune physiological processes and have gained interest in recent years as therapeutics in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Methods: Pubmed was searched with no time constraints for articles using a combination of the keywords “thymosin/s” or “thymus factor/s” AND “multiple sclerosis”, mesh terms with no language restriction. Results: Here, we review the state-of-the-art on the effects of thymosins on MS and its experimental models. In particular, we describe what is known in this field on the roles of thymosin-α1 (Tα1) and -β4 (Tβ4) as potential anti-inflammatory as well as neuroprotective and remyelinating molecules and their mechanisms of action. Conclusion: Based on the data that Tα1 and Tβ4 act as anti-inflammatory molecules and as inducers of myelin repair and neuronal protection, respectively, a possible therapeutic application in MS for Tα1 and Tβ4 alone or combined with other approved drugs may be envisaged. This approach is reasonable in light of the current clinical usage of Tα1 and data demonstrating the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Tβ4 in clinical practice.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: