Novel Carotenoid Oxidase Involved in Biosynthesis of 4,4′-Diapolycopene Dialdehyde
| Autor: | Andreas Schenzle, Luan Tao, J. Martin Odom, Qiong Cheng |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Methylobacterium rhodinum
medicine.medical_treatment Molecular Sequence Data Genetics and Molecular Biology Methylomonas Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Substrate Specificity chemistry.chemical_compound Industrial Microbiology Lycopene Biosynthesis Bacterial Proteins medicine Escherichia coli Carotenoid chemistry.chemical_classification Aldehydes Ecology biology Carotene Staphyloxanthin Sequence Analysis DNA Aldehyde Dehydrogenase biology.organism_classification Carotenoids humanities chemistry Biochemistry Heliobacteria Methylobacterium Oxidoreductases Food Science Biotechnology |
| Popis: | More than 600 different carotenoids are synthesized in nature by plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Most of these carotenoids contain a 40-carbon backbone (C40 carotenoids). However, C30 carotenoids with 30-carbon backbones have been reported in a small group of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (12), Methylobacterium rhodinum (formerly Pseudomonas rhodos) (10), Streptococcus faecium (23), and Heliobacteria spp. (17). By analysis of pigment mutants, biosynthetic pathways were proposed for C30 carotenoids in Staphylococcus (13, 24) and Methylobacterium (9). Both pathways involve an important intermediate step, which is the functionalization of the C30 carotene backbone with an aldehyde group(s). The C30 carotenoid, staphyloxanthin, synthesized in Staphylococcus is functionalized at one end of the C30 carotene (Fig. (Fig.1A).1A). The C30 carotenoic acid glucosyl ester synthesized in Methylobacterium is functionalized at both ends of the C30 carotene (Fig. (Fig.1B1B). FIG. 1. Proposed pathways for biosynthesis of C30 carotenoids in Staphylococcus aureus (A) and Methylobacterium rhodinum or Methylomonas sp. strain 16a (B). CrtM and CrtN from S. aureus were previously identified (27), and CrtNb from S. aureus was identified ... Genetic data on C30 carotenoid biosynthesis are limited, although two genes, crtM, encoding diapophytoene synthase, and crtN, encoding diapophytoene desaturase, were cloned from Staphylococcus (27). These two genes were confirmed to be responsible for the synthesis of 4,4′-diaponeurosporene. However, it is not known how the end of 4,4′-diaponeurosporene is functionalized with an aldehyde group, which is subsequently oxidized and esterified to synthesize staphyloxanthin in Staphylococcus. Several open reading frames (ORFs) with significant homology to crtM or crtN are evident from microbial genomic sequencing (18, 28). Nevertheless, no gene was identified for functionalization of the C30 carotene backbone. We report here identification of a gene cluster involved in C30 carotenoid synthesis in Methylomonas sp. strain 16a. We identified a novel gene (crtNb) from Methylomonas and its homologue in Staphylococcus, which catalyze oxidation of the terminal methyl group(s) of the C30 carotene backbone to an aldehyde group(s). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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