Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats—Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial
| Autor: | Leonidas Rempelos, Krystyna Skwarlo-Sonta, Chris J. Seal, Marcin Barański, Dominika Średnicka-Tober, Carlo Leifert, Ewelina Hallmann, Gultakin Hasanaliyeva, Per Ole Iversen, Jana Hajslova, Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Vanessa Vigar, Tomasz Królikowski, Vera Schulzova, Levent Öztürk, Ewa Rembiałkowska, Ismail Cakmak |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Lymphocyte proliferation Eating chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine mineral fertilizer immune system responsiveness Nutrition and Dietetics conventional feed Agriculture Phosphorus Factorial experiment Crop Production Phenotype Female Food Organic Composition (visual arts) medicine.symptom lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Crops Agricultural organic feed Farms Nitrogen cadmium rat physiology lcsh:TX341-641 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Biology Diquat Article 03 medical and health sciences Animal science medicine Animals Humans Rats Wistar Fertilizers hormonal balance pesticides Pesticide medicine.disease Animal Feed Manure Obesity United Kingdom Diet 030104 developmental biology chemistry Food security food quality and human health Potassium Weight gain Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Nutrients Volume 13 Issue 2 Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 377, p 377 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nu13020377 |
| Popis: | Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of &ldquo adaptive&rdquo phenotypes and should be investigated further. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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