Differential Effects of Nicotine and Nicotine Withdrawal on Fear Conditioning in Male Rats
| Autor: | William A. Carlezon, Chelsea J Webber, Edward G. Meloni, Elysia Ridener, Mykel A. Robble, S. Barak Caine, Rajeev I. Desai, Isaiah L Holloway |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Nicotine Reflex Startle Light AcademicSubjects/MED00415 Nicotine patch medicine.medical_treatment Injections Subcutaneous Conditioning Classical Physiology Context (language use) Self Administration Fear conditioning Regular Research Articles Male rats medicine Animals Pharmacology (medical) Rats Long-Evans Nicotinic Agonists Pharmacology business.industry AcademicSubjects/SCI01870 withdrawal PTSD Fear Infusion Pumps Implantable Tobacco Use Disorder medicine.disease Rats Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Psychiatry and Mental health Nicotine withdrawal Acoustic Stimulation Injections Intravenous Conditioning Cues Self-administration business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology |
| ISSN: | 1469-5111 |
| Popis: | Background Tobacco use is prevalent in individuals who are routinely exposed to stress. However, little is known about how nicotine affects responses to trauma. We examined in rats how nicotine exposure affects fear conditioning, a procedure often used to study stress-related psychiatric illness. Methods We examined 2 methods of nicotine exposure: self-administration, modeling voluntary use, and experimenter-programmed subcutaneous administration, modeling medicinal administration (nicotine patch). For self-administered nicotine, rats trained to self-administer nicotine i.v. were fear conditioned (via light cue preceding foot-shock) either immediately after a 12-hour self-administration session or 12 hours later during a period with somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal. For experimenter-delivered nicotine, rats were conditioned after 1–21 days of nicotine delivered by programmable (12 hours on) subcutaneous mini-pumps. Tests to evaluate acoustic startle responses to the conditioning environment (context-potentiated startle) and in the presence or absence of the light cue (fear-potentiated startle) occurred after a 10-day period. Results Rats fear conditioned immediately after nicotine self-administration showed reduced responses to the shock-associated context, whereas those trained during nicotine withdrawal showed exaggerated responses. Experimenter-programmed nicotine produced effects qualitatively similar to those seen with self-administered nicotine. Conclusions Self-administration or experimenter-programmed delivery of nicotine immediately before exposure to aversive events can reduce conditioned fear responses. In contrast, exposure to aversive events during nicotine withdrawal exacerbates fear responses. These studies raise the possibility of developing safe and effective methods to deliver nicotine or related drugs to mitigate the effects of stress while also highlighting the importance of preventing withdrawal in nicotine-dependent individuals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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