A scaled-up planetary system around a supernova progenitor
| Autor: | Squicciarini, V, Gratton, R, Janson, M, Mamajek, Eric E, Chauvin, G, Delorme, P, Langlois, M, Vigan, A, Ringqvist, Simon C, Meeus, G, Reffert, S, Kenworthy, M, Meyer, M R, Bonnefoy, M, Bonavita, M, Mesa, D, Samland, M, Desidera, S, D’Orazi, V, Engler, N, Alecian, E, Miglio, A, Henning, T, Quanz, Sascha P, Mayer, L, Flasseur, O, Marleau, G-D |
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| Přispěvatelé: | V. Squicciarini, R. Gratton, M. Janson, E. E. Mamajek, G. Chauvin, P. Delorme, M. Langlois, A. Vigan, S. C. Ringqvist, G. Meeus, S. Reffert, M. Kenworthy, M. R. Meyer, M. Bonnefoy, M. Bonavita, D. Mesa, M. Samland, S. Desidera, V. D'Orazi, N. Engler, E. Alecian, A. Miglio, T. Henning, S. P. Quanz, L. Mayer, O. Flasseur, G. D. Marleau, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Zurich, Squicciarini, V |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Astrophysics - instrumentation and methods for astrophysics
Planetary system 530 Physics FOS: Physical sciences techniques: high angular resolutions planetary system stars: early-type stars: individual: mu2 Scorpii stars: individual: b Centauri Astrophysics - solar and stellar astrophysics 1912 Space and Planetary Science High angular resolutions Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) early-type techniques: high angular resolutions [planetary systems stars] Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] Astrophysics - earth and planetary astrophysics Stars - individual - mu2 Scorpii Astronomy and Astrophysics Techniques Planetary systems [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] Space and Planetary Science 10231 Institute for Computational Science 3103 Astronomy and Astrophysics Stars - early-type Stars - individual: b Centauri |
| Zdroj: | Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, 2022, 664, ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202243675⟩ Astronomy & Astrophysics, 664:A9 Astronomy and Astrophysics Astronomy & Astrophysics, 664 |
| ISSN: | 0004-6361 1432-0746 |
| Popis: | Context. Virtually all known exoplanets reside around stars with M < 2.3 M⊙ either due to the rapid evaporation of the protostellar disks or to selection effects impeding detections around more massive stellar hosts. Aims. To clarify if this dearth of planets is real or a selection effect, we launched the planet-hunting B-star Exoplanet Abundance STudy (BEAST) survey targeting B stars (M > 2.4 M⊙) in the young (5−20 Myr) Scorpius-Centaurus association by means of the high-contrast spectro-imager SPHERE at the Very Large Telescope. Methods. In this paper we present the analysis of high-contrast images of the massive (M ~ 9 M⊙) star μ2 Sco obtained within BEAST. We carefully examined the properties of this star, combining data from Gaia and from the literature, and used state-of-the-art algorithms for the reduction and analysis of our observations. Results. Based on kinematic information, we found that μ2 Sco is a member of a small group which we label Eastern Lower Scorpius within the Scorpius-Centaurus association. We were thus able to constrain its distance, refining in turn the precision on stellar parameters. Around this star we identify a robustly detected substellar companion (14.4 ± 0.8 MJ)at a projected separation of 290 ± 10 au, and a probable second similar object (18.5 ± 1.5 MJ) at 21 ± 1 au. The planet-to-star mass ratios of these objects are similar to that of Jupiter to the Sun, and the flux they receive from the star is similar to those of Jupiter and Mercury, respectively. Conclusions. The robust and the probable companions of μ2 Sco are naturally added to the giant 10.9 MJ planet recently discovered by BEAST around the binary b Cen system. While these objects are slightly more massive than the deuterium burning limit, their properties are similar to those of giant planets around less massive stars and they are better reproduced by assuming that they formed under a planet-like, rather than a star-like scenario. Irrespective of the (needed) confirmation of the inner companion, μ2 Sco is the first star that would end its life as a supernova that hosts such a system. The tentative high frequency of BEAST discoveries is unexpected, and it shows that systems with giant planets or small-mass brown dwarfs can form around B stars. When putting this finding in the context of core accretion and gravitational instability formation scenarios, we conclude that the current modeling of both mechanisms is not able to produce this kind of companion. The completion of BEAST will pave the way for the first time to an extension of these models to intermediate and massive stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 664 ISSN:0004-6361 ISSN:1432-0746 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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