Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Autor:	Joseph Feher
Rok vydání:	2017
Předmět:	Chemical potential Exergonic reaction Chemistry Analytical chemistry Thermodynamics Gibbs free energy Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes symbols.namesake Spontaneous process symbols Specific energy Electrochemical gradient Equilibrium constant Electrochemical potential
DOI:	10.1016/b978-0-12-800883-6.00008-2
Popis:	This chapter unifies the forces that cause charged solutes to move in solution. Fick’s law indicates that the flux is proportional to the negative of the concentration gradient. The electrical force on charged solutes is proportional to the negative of the electrical gradient. It is possible to define an electrochemical gradient so that the overall force on the charged particles is proportional to the negative of the electrochemical gradient. The equation for the electrochemical gradient is thus justified. It is further shown that the electrochemical gradient is the Gibbs free energy per mole. The sign of the free energy change is shown to indicate the direction of the completed reaction: all reactions must have a negative free energy change. The free energy of ATP hydrolysis is then discussed. The relationship between the standard free energy change and the equilibrium constant is discussed. How to calculate the free energy of ATP hydrolysis under different conditions is shown.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::deaf2641e1a970a71e85d43d73413f8b https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800883-6.00008-2 Zobrazit plný text záznamu