The relationship of fear-potentiated startle and polysomnography-measured sleep in trauma-exposed men and women with and without PTSD: testing REM sleep effects and exploring the roles of an integrative measure of sleep, PTSD symptoms, and biological sex
| Autor: | Samantha Qirko Hubachek, Thomas C. Neylan, Leslie Yack, Steven H. Woodward, J. Russell Huie, Sabra S. Inslicht, Daniel H. Mathalon, Cassandra Dukes, Laura D. Straus, Anne Richards, Kim L Felmingham, Thomas J. Metzler |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Visual perception Polysomnography Sleep REM Stimulus (physiology) Fear-potentiated startle Extinction Psychological Stress Disorders Post-Traumatic Physiology (medical) mental disorders medicine Humans Fear conditioning medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Extinction (psychology) Fear Sleep in non-human animals Nap Female Neurology (clinical) business Sleep psychological phenomena and processes Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | Sleep. 45(1) |
| ISSN: | 1550-9109 |
| Popis: | Study Objectives Published research indicates that sleep is involved in emotional information processing. Using a fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and nap sleep protocol, we examined the relationship of emotional learning with REM sleep (REMS) in trauma-exposed participants. We also explored the roles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, biological sex, and an integrative measure of polysomnography-measured (PSG) sleep in the learning-sleep relationship. Methods After an adaptation nap, participants (N = 46) completed two more visits (counterbalanced): a stress-condition visit, which included FPS conditioning procedures prior to a nap and assessment of learning retention and fear extinction training after the nap, and a control visit, which included a nap opportunity without stressful procedures. FPS conditioning included a “fear” visual stimulus paired with an air blast to the neck and a “safety” visual stimulus never paired with an air blast. Retention and extinction involved presentation of the visual stimuli without the air blast. Primary analyses examined the relationship between FPS responses pre- and post-sleep with stress-condition REMS duration, controlling for control-nap REMS duration. Results Higher safety learning predicted increased REMS and increased REMS predicted more rapid extinction learning. Similar relationships were observed with an integrative PSG sleep measure. They also showed unexpected effects of PTSD symptoms on learning and showed biological sex effects on learning-sleep relationships. Conclusions Findings support evidence of a relationship between adaptive emotional learning and REMS. They underscore the importance of examining sex effects in sleep-learning relationships. They introduce an integrative PSG sleep measure with potential relevance to studies of sleep and subjective and biological outcomes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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