Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Solid Cancer and Therapy Resistance
Autor: | Ximena Maria Muresan, Karel Souček, Zoran Culig, Jan Bouchal |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research therapy resistance viruses chemical and pharmacologic phenomena dsRNA Review medicine.disease_cause lcsh:RC254-282 Proinflammatory cytokine Metastasis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Interferon medicine metastasis toll-like receptor 3 Toll-like receptor business.industry virus diseases Cancer lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens medicine.disease cytokines 3. Good health 030104 developmental biology Oncology Tumor progression 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis TLR3 Cancer research Carcinogenesis business medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Cancers Cancers, Vol 12, Iss 3227, p 3227 (2020) |
ISSN: | 2072-6694 |
Popis: | Simple Summary Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, which has been extensively studied for the antiviral function and, therefore, its role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. It is highly expressed in the endosomes of antigen-presenting immune cells and epithelial cells. Several studies have demonstrated TLR3 expression in multiple neoplasia types including breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer. In this perspective, we focus on the mechanisms through which TLR3 can either lead to tumor regression or promote carcinogenesis as well as on the potential of TLR-based therapies in resistant cancer. Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, which has been extensively studied for its antiviral function. It is highly expressed in the endosomes of antigen-presenting immune cells and epithelial cells. TLR3 binds specifically double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs), leading to the activation of mainly two downstream pathways: the phosphorylation of IRF3, with subsequent production of type I interferon, and the activation of NF-κB, which drives the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several studies have demonstrated TLR3 expression in multiple neoplasia types including breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Most studies were focused on the beneficial role of TLR3 activation in tumor cells, which leads to the production of cytotoxic cytokines and interferons and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis. Indeed, ligands of this receptor were proposed for the treatment of cancer, also in combination with conventional chemotherapy. In contrast to these findings, recent evidence showed a link between TLR3 and tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms through which TLR3 can either lead to tumor regression or promote carcinogenesis as well as the potential of TLR-based therapies in resistant cancer. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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